How is symbolic representation to be conceptualised and empirically examined? There is no unique answer to this question and indeed each of its answers raises particular methodological challenges. The Dialogues section "Investigating symbolic representation" explores new directions for theorizing about and empirically examining symbolic representation. This collection of contributions seeks to advance the study of the symbolic representation in three key ways. Firstly, we suggest than gender politics scholars need to conceptually clarify how symbolic representation should be understood. Secondly, the previous concern lead to also inquiring in a more systematic way what are the expected links between symbolic representation and the other two dimensions of political representation Pitkin distinguished, descriptive and substantive representation. Thirdly, we call gender and politics scholars to critically engage with the question about which methods and research tools may allow us to grasp effectively symbolic representation at the empirical level.