“…The secretion of Interleukin (IL)‐32 was obviously downregulated by Celastrol in HCT116 cells, as well as the expression of CD155 in SW480 cells. Interestingly, some reports proved that IL‐32 (Gruber et al, 2020; Khawar et al, 2017; C. Liu et al, 2020; Ohmatsu et al, 2017; Tsai et al, 2018; Yousif et al, 2013) and CD155 (Huang et al, 2019; Jin et al, 2022; McKay et al, 2021; Noguchi et al, 2019) secreted or expressed by cancer cells were not only regulated by ERK/MAPK signaling pathway but also participated in the process of macrophage polarity regulation, which provided a potential regulatory mechanism of Celastrol on the polarization of macrophages. All these results suggested that ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and related cytokines (e.g., IL‐32) and adhesion proteins (e.g., CD155) may be strongly involved in the regulation process of macrophage polarization by Celastrol in the tumor microenvironment, which needs to be further verified in vitro and in vivo.…”