“…There are several environmental toxicants that are known carcinogens and also have been shown to induce inflammation, such as benzo-a-pyrene ( Shi et al, 2017 ), asbestos ( Napolitano et al, 2014 ), silica ( Freire et al, 2013 ), and benzene ( Guo et al, 2020 ; IARC, 2018 ). There is suggestive evidence from epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies that PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, and PFUnDA may promote chronic inflammation ( Temkin et al, 2020 ).…”