Ascaridoid nematodes of South American mammals, with a definition of a new genus

In view of earlier results, suggesting a considerable stability in the number and distribution patterns of caudal papillae and papillae-like structures in the male of some ascaridoid species, these features are analysed more generally within the superfamily Ascaridoidea. They include the single pair of phasmids on the tail, four pairs of distal papillae some of which are considered in some cases to occur anterior to the level of the cloaca, two pairs of paracloacal papillae, a median papilla or plaque, and numerous pairs of proximal papillae some of which may be situated posterior to the level of the cloaca. The exceptions to this general pattern and the systematic and phylogenetic significance of caudal morphology are discussed.

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“…1 9 . S P R Hartwich (1975) Sprent (1982) Deardorff ( 5 Well anterior to level of cloacal opening. 6 Two united precloacal median papillae (?).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic implications of male caudal morphology in ascaridoid nematode parasites

1991

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“…A. dussumierii was described from the final hosts Physeter macrocephalus (Physeteridae) and Delphinus delphis (Delphinidae; e.g., Nadler et al 2005), while A. insignis were isolated only from the Amazon dolphin (Inia geoffrensis, Iniidae) and was redescribed by Petter (1972). Sprent (1982) erraneously transferred A. insignis into Peritrachelius Diesing, 1851, giving account to the lip and spicule structure. Different authors previously reported A. alexandri from Stenella frontalis (Delphinidae), but this species was originally described from Sousa chinensis (Delphinidae; Mignucci-Giannoni et al 1998;Perrin 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of pelagic swarm fish (Myctophidae: Teleostei) in the oceanic life cycle of Anisakis sibling species at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Central Atlantic

2008

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First information is provided on the parasitation and feeding ecology of the myctophid fish species Myctophum punctatum and Notoscopelus kroyeri from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), Central Atlantic. Four different parasite species were found in both fish with a similar high prevalence and intensity of infestation. The digeneans Gonocerca phycidis and Lethadena sp. were isolated as adults from the stomach, larval tetraphyllidean cestodes (Scolex pleuronectis) from the intestine, and genetically identified larval anisakid nematodes of Anisakis simplex (s.s.) from the body cavity. No further Anisakis sibling species could be identified. Both myctophids had small pelagic crustaceans, mainly copepods and hyperiids, within their stomach contents. Ostracods, euphausiids, decapods, and amphipods were minor food components, demonstrating the pelagic environment for both fish. The recorded parasites including the anisakid A. simplex (s.s.) perform pelagic life cycles within the region, benefiting from extensive diurnal vertical migrations of their fish hosts. Comparison of the host range among the anisakis sibling species suggests that the A. simplex complex has low host specificity, infecting toothed and baleen whales on their extensive oceanic migrations. This contrasts the Anisakis physeteris complex that is restricted to toothed whales of the families Kogiidae and Physeteridae. Specificity in the teleost intermediate hosts for both complexes seems to be low, and sympatric occurrence of different siblings within the same intermediate hosts is likely. Myctophid swarm fish as important copepod feeders at the MAR significantly contribute to the oceanic anisakid nematode life cycle, especially considering the 100% prevalence and high intensity of infestation. Further genetic identification of Anisakis nematodes is needed in order to understand the sibling species distribution, along the MAR and within other oceanic environments.

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“…(both Herpestidae, Carnivora); and G. simiae (Mozgovoy, 1951), established for specimens originally identified by Schuurmans Stekhoven (1937) as Cloeoascaris spinicollis allegedly from the stomach of the monkey Cercopithecus leucampyx kandti Matschiein in the present Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, Sprent (1982) corrected an error in the host record of G. spinicollis to Lutra (= Hydrictis) maculicollis kivuana (Pohle) and considered G. simiae to be a junior synonym of G. spinicollis.…”

Section: D a Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on ascaridid, oxyurid and enoplid nematodes (Nematoda) from fishes of the Okavango River, Botswana

Moravec

2015

Folia Parasitologica

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Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, eight species (five adult and three larval) of nematodes belonging to the Ascaridida, Oxyurida and Enoplida were collected from fishes of the Okavango River, Botswana, namely Falcaustra similis Moravec et Van As, 2004, Atractidae gen. sp. (only female) (both Cosmocercoidea), Cucullanus sp. (only female) (Seuratoidea), Cithariniella longicaudata sp. n., Synodontisia annulata sp. n. (both Oxyuroidea), Contracaecum sp. third-stage larvae, third-stage larvae of Galeiceps sp. (both Ascaridoidea) and Eustrongylides sp. fourth-stage larvae (Dioctophymatoidea). The new species Citharinella longicaudata (type host Schilbe intermedius Rüppel) is mainly characterised by the shape and size of cephalic papillae and the spicule 108 µm long, and Synodontisia annulata (type host S. intermedius) by the shape of cephalic papillae, body length of gravid females (4.88-5.33 mm) and a short spicule (66 µm long). The female specimen of Cucullanus sp. from Tilapia sparmanni Smith markedly differs from congeners parasitising inland fishes in Africa by the elongate pseudobuccal capsule and by the excretory pore far posterior to the oesophago-intestinal junction; apparently, it belongs to an undescribed species. Galeiceps larvae parasitising fishes are described for the first time. This paper is a continuation of these studies, based on the same nematode collection, now providing results of the systematic evaluation of nematodes of the orders Ascaridida, Oxyurida and Enoplida. Detailed morphological examinations (using both light and scanning electron microscopy) of these materials revealed the presence of several species, including three new taxa of adults and previously undescribed larvae of a little-known anisakid genus. The results are presented herein. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 169 specimens belonging to nine fish species of the families Alestidae, Cichlidae, Clariidae, Mochokidae and Schilbeidae were collected in the Okavango River (mainstream in the Shakawe area) in the Panhandle, by gill nets, cast-nets and electro-fishing. Fish were taken live to a nearby field laboratory and maintained unfed in plastic tanks for at least two days to allow the gut to empty. The fish were anaesthetised and killed using MS222 and the internal organs were removed and placed in 1% saline. Nematodes removed from the digestive tract and viscera were fixed in 4% or 10% buffered neutral formalin.For light microscopical examination, the nematodes were cleared gradually in glycerine. Drawings were made with the aid of a Zeiss microscope drawing attachment. Specimens used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (in phosphate buffer), dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, critical-point-dried and sputter-coated with gold; they were examined using a JEOL JSM-7401F scanning electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 4 kV (GB low mode). All measurements are in micrometres unless otherwise indicated. Only small numbers of the available s...

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Ascaridoid nematodes of South American mammals, with a definition of a new genus

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Systematic implications of male caudal morphology in ascaridoid nematode parasites

Systematic implications of male caudal morphology in ascaridoid nematode parasites

The role of pelagic swarm fish (Myctophidae: Teleostei) in the oceanic life cycle of Anisakis sibling species at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Central Atlantic

Studies on ascaridid, oxyurid and enoplid nematodes (Nematoda) from fishes of the Okavango River, Botswana

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