Ascaris lumbricoides: Detecting its metabolites in the urine of infected people using gas-liquid chromatography

Hall, Andrew; Romanova, Tatiana

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(90)90083-o

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the STH community has begun exploring opportunities to strengthen the monitoring of drug donation program impact, and success of these monitoring efforts will most likely depend on the introduction of new diagnostic tools for non-stool based biomarkers. In a search for such non-stool based biomarkers for STH infection, the article of Hall & Romanova is of particular interest [ 4 ]. In this paper, the authors described the identification of 2-methyl butyramide (2-MBA) and 2-methyl valeramide (2-MVA) in urine as promising biomarkers for infection with A. lumbricoides .…”

Section: Letter To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

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2-methyl butyramide, a previously identified urine biomarker for Ascaris lumbricoides, is not present in infected Indonesian individuals

Lagatie¹,

Ediage²,

Pikkemaat³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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ᅟPrevious reports suggest that the 2-methyl butyramide and 2-methyl valeramide metabolites of Ascaris lumbricoides in urine of infected individuals could be considered as urinary biomarkers for active infection. We have developed an LC-MS method with a detection limit of 10 ng/mL using synthetic chemicals as reference material. Urine samples (n = 21) of infected individuals were analyzed for the presence of these metabolites, but they were not detected in any of the samples. Furthermore, the recorded 1H-NMR spectrum for reference 2-methyl butyramide did not match with the spectrum that was described for the Ascaris metabolite. Based on these two observations, we concluded that the urinary biomarkers that were detected for A. lumbricoides infection are not 2-methyl butyramide nor 2-methylvaleramide. New discovery efforts will be required to identify the structure of these metabolite biomarkers in urine of infected individuals.Trial registrationUrine samples used in this study were collected as part of a clinical trial with trial number ISRCTN75636394 (12 November 2013).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2600-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Letter To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1990 published report [ 4 ], the identification of the two urinary metabolites was mainly based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) Spectroscopy. To confirm the 1 H-NMR description, we recorded a 1 H-NMR spectrum of the 2-MBA reference material (Additional file 1 ).…”

Section: Letter To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

2-methyl butyramide, a previously identified urine biomarker for Ascaris lumbricoides, is not present in infected Indonesian individuals

Lagatie¹,

Ediage²,

Pikkemaat³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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“…However, as the metabolic by‐products of the worm's metabolism are likely to be absorbed and metabolized by the host, in whom they could produce energy, the inefficiency of energy production by worms may be mitigated. Some unique metabolites of A. lumbricoides can be detected in human urine in proportion to the number of worms in the host (Hall & Romanova 1990). These rough estimates indicate that the nutritional needs of most worm burdens are small in relation to a child host, although during a severe shortage of food, the loss of any nutrients to a moderate or large worm burden may exacerbate undernutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and meta‐analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition

Hall

Hewitt

Tuffrey

et al. 2008

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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315

257

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Table of Contents Summary1191. Introduction119 1.1 The gastrointestinal ecosystem119 1.2 Groups of intestinal parasitic worms that infect humans121 1.2.1 Flukes or trematodes121 1.2.2 Tapeworms or cestodes122 1.2.3 Roundworms or nematodes123 1.3 How worms may affect human nutrition and growth126 1.4 Design of studies estimating the impact of worms128 1.5 Aims1282. Factors affecting the impact of intestinal worms128 2.1 Species of intestinal worm128 2.2 Prevalence of infection129 2.3 Number and distribution of worms132 2.4 Duration of infection135 2.5 Rate of reinfection135 2.6 Summary1363. Factors affecting the impact of treatment137 3.1 Study design: controls and randomization138 3.2 Anthelmintic drugs138 3.3 Intervals between treatments141 3.4 Duration of follow‐up142 3.5 Outcomes measured and the need for controls142 3.6 Initial nutritional status143 3.7 Age of subjects144 3.8 Remedial therapy after treatment144 3.9 Summary1454. Aims and methods of the meta‐analysis145 4.1 Search terms145 4.2 Inclusion criteria146 4.3 Exclusion criteria147 4.4 Meta‐analysis1475. Results of the meta‐analysis147 5.1 Geographic origin of studies150 5.2 Estimates of effects150 5.3 The figures and how to interpret them150 5.4 Sources of error or bias1506. Discussion153 6.1 Magnitude of effects153 6.2 Treatment alone is not enough159 6.3 The Cochrane Collaboration Review161 6.4 Characteristics of an ideal study162 6.5 Implications for programmes163 6.6 Conclusions166Acknowledgements167References167Appendix: Summary of papers identified for the review177 Summary More than a half of the world's population are infected with one or more species of intestinal worms of which the nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and the hookworms are the most common and important in terms of child health. This paper: (1) introduces the main species of intestinal worms with particular attention to intestinal nematodes; (2) examines how such worms may affect child growth and nutrition; (3) reviews the biological and epidemiological factors that influence the effects that worms can have on the growth and nutrition of children; (4) considers the many factors that can affect the impact of treatment with anthelmintic drugs; (5) presents the results of a meta‐analysis of studies of the effect of treating worm infections on child growth and nutrition; (6) discusses the results in terms of what is reasonable to expect that deworming alone can achieve; (7) describes some important characteristics of an ideal study of the effects of deworming; and (8) comments on the implications for programmes of recommendations concerning mass deworming.

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“…Few studies have identified biomedical target markers for A. lumbricoides infection. Fatty acid products of A. lumbricoides infection may be detected in urine by gas-liquid chromatography, and the levels correlate well with worm burden [ 65 ]; however, to our knowledge, no such tests are currently available as commercial products.…”

Section: Serological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Ascariasis: Diagnostics Update

Lamberton

Jourdan

2015

Curr Trop Med Rep

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Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infect over one billion people worldwide. Ascariasis may mimic a number of conditions, and individual clinical diagnosis often requires a thorough work-up. Kato-Katz thick smears are the standard detection method for Ascaris and, despite low sensitivity, are often used for mapping and monitoring and evaluation of national control programmes. Although increased sampling (number of stools) and diagnostic (number of examinations per stool) efforts can improve sensitivity, Kato-Katz is less sensitive than other microscopy methods such as FLOTAC®. Antibody-based diagnostics may be a sensitive diagnostic tool; however, their usefulness is limited to assessing transmission in areas aiming for elimination. Molecular diagnostics are highly sensitive and specific, but high costs limit their use to individual diagnosis, drug - efficacy studies and identification of Ascaris suum. Increased investments in research on Ascaris and other STHs are urgently required for the development of diagnostic assays to support efforts to reduce human suffering caused by these infections.

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Ascaris lumbricoides: Detecting its metabolites in the urine of infected people using gas-liquid chromatography

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

2-methyl butyramide, a previously identified urine biomarker for Ascaris lumbricoides, is not present in infected Indonesian individuals

2-methyl butyramide, a previously identified urine biomarker for Ascaris lumbricoides, is not present in infected Indonesian individuals

A review and meta‐analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition

Human Ascariasis: Diagnostics Update

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