Ascendancy of pH‐irresponsive Moi gum in the design of modified xanthan gum semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogels for monitoring diabetes

Abstract

This investigation used Moi gum to develop semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel particles with carboxymethyl xanthan gum in aqueous environment using aluminum chloride as crosslinker. The semi-IPN hydrogel systems had >90% of drug entrapment efficiency. Increase in Moi gum concentration from 33.33% to 66.66% reduced swelling of semi-IPN hydrogel particles by 17.6% and 23.3% in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8, respectively in 2 h. The semi-IPN hydrogel particles made up of 66.66% Moi gum released 94.8% of drug in 8 h. The modified xanthan gum alone however released about 98% drug in 3 h in simulated gastrointestinal pH. Irrespective of pH, the drug release followed an anomalous diffusion mechanism. FTIR analysis did not reveal any drugpolymer interaction. The thermal and x-ray diffraction investigations suggested amorphous state of drug in semi-IPN hydrogel system. Moreover, the hydrogel systems demonstrated more than 90% Caco-2 cell viability which supported the non-toxic nature of the hydrogel system. Preclinical experiments on male albino rats showed that the semi-IPN hydrogel systems could allow monitoring of anti-diabetic efficacy over 8 h. Overall, a suitable combination of negatively charged and neutral polysaccharides appeared promising in developing semi-IPN hydrogel particles, which could tailor the drug delivery performance, especially the drug release process and preclinical anti-diabetic activity.

Inorganic metal salts as additives in the design of cellulose/arabinogalactan hydrogels for prolonged delivery of simvastatin in simulated bio‐fluids

“…This signified that the carboxyl groups in arabinogalactan were scarce but abundant in CMC. 43 In the FTIR spectrum of CMC (Figure 1B), the peak at 3674 cm À1 appeared due to O H stretching of free hydroxyl groups present in the polymer. The C H stretching of CH and CH 2 groups was noted at 2987 cm À1 .…”

“…36 This arabinogalactan has been investigated as matrix and binder material for tablet preparation, [37][38][39][40][41] and microsphere formulation. 42,43 Ionotropic gelation in the presence of single metal salts such as calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, and ferric chloride seemed to be an environmentally friendly method of producing polysaccharide hydrogel particles. Chemical covalent crosslinkers can improve hydrogel stability and limit dissolution in aqueous biofluids, allowing them to be used as controlled drug release systems.…”

“…It has been identified as a neutral polysaccharide constituted in a 4:1 ratio of d‐galactose and l‐arabinose 36 . This arabinogalactan has been investigated as matrix and binder material for tablet preparation, 37–41 and microsphere formulation 42,43 . Ionotropic gelation in the presence of single metal salts such as calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, and ferric chloride seemed to be an environmentally friendly method of producing polysaccharide hydrogel particles.…”

A novel PVA/MWCNTs hydrogel with high toughness and electromagnetic shielding properties

“…They have promising application prospects in wearable electronics, aerospace, electronic skins, human motion sensing, and energy storage. [21][22][23][24][25] However, hydrogels are generally nonconductive, and their EMI shielding capabilities are inadequate. The appropriate design and preparation method, as well as the selection of effective functional fillers, can improve EMI shielding performance while maintaining unique performance and a rich internal water environment, which is the key for developing hydrogel-type EMI shielding materials.…”

“…Hydrogels, on the other hand, have remarkable conformability and self‐healing capacity, making them an ideal material for EMI shielding. They have promising application prospects in wearable electronics, aerospace, electronic skins, human motion sensing, and energy storage 21–25 . However, hydrogels are generally nonconductive, and their EMI shielding capabilities are inadequate.…”