Ascending Placentitis in the Mare: An Update

LeBlanc, M. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01633.x

Cited by 62 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Giles et al (1993) reported that the incidence of foetus loss in different equine breeds due to ascending bacterial placentitis (foetal death, abortion and stillbirth) reached 20%, while others quantified these losses at 10% in a sample where the majority of cases were from Thoroughbred mares (Smith et al, 2003). LeBlanc (2010) reported that placentitis affects approximately 3-7% of pregnant mares, in line with Troedsson and Zent's (2004) findings in Thoroughbred mares. But there are no references describing the incidence of foetus loss due to placentitis in SPB mares.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Transrectal ultrasonographic measurements of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta in Spanish Purebred mares

Requena¹,

Agüera²,

Requena³

et al. 2017

Anim Reprod

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The present study was conducted to establish the normal values of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) in Spanish Purebred mares during late pregnancy. A total of 107 mares were examined at 210, 240, 270 and 300 days of gestation, of which 13 had abnormal gestations (foetal death, abortion or stillbirth). In mares with healthy foals, CTUP measurements showed significant differences (P < 0.0001) at the various gestational ages (4.83 ± 0.59 mm, 6.12 ± 0.60 mm, 7.41 ± 0.61 mm and 10.45 ± 0.92 mm at 210, 240, 270 and 300 days, respectively). A high positive correlation was observed between CTUP and gestational age (r = 0.923; P < 0.001). In mares with abnormal gestation, CTUP measurements were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than in healthy gestations at day 270 (8.89 vs. 7.41 mm) and day 300 (14.17 vs. 10.45 mm). The age of the mare, fertilization time, type of semen and gestation length did not affect the CTUP. The results obtained suggest that the cut-off point for detecting abnormal pregnancies in Spanish Purebred mares is 7.75 mm on day 270 and 12.7 mm on day 300. The authors find that the incidence of placental thickness enlargement in the late gestation of Spanish Purebred is 14%, and a transrectal ultrasonographic examination is highly advisable at 270 days of gestation. Such timely placental assessment could reveal otherwise undetected disorders, thereby enabling early and proper treatments to be administered to prevent foetal loss.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…One of those cited is placentitis, with a general incidence of 3-7% (LeBlanc, 2010). In recent years ultrasonography has been recognized as providing a useful technique for estimating the state of the placenta and foetus (Troedsson and Zent, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transrectal ultrasonographic measurements of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta in Spanish Purebred mares

Requena¹,

Agüera²,

Requena³

et al. 2017

Anim Reprod

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“…A placentite ascendente na égua é uma das principais causas de parto prematuro, aborto e nascimento de potros comprometidos (LeBlanc, 2010), sendo o Streptococcus equi, subespécie zooepidemicus, o principal agente causador . A pesquisa para se encontrarem marcadores precoces da inflamação vem sendo foco nas medicinas humana e veterinária ao longo dos anos, utilizando-se principalmente a identificação bioquímica das proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) como marcador do grau da inflamação (Crisman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Proteinograma sérico de éguas com placentite ascendente e seus respectivos neonatos: dados preliminares

Haetinger¹,

Curcio²,

Lins³

et al. 2016

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo estabelecer o proteinograma sérico em éguas com placentite induzida e em seus respectivos neonatos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue das éguas em oito momentos diferentes e dos potros em quatro momentos. Para obtenção da concentração das frações proteicas, utilizou-se eletroforese em gel de acrilaminada contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). No método utilizado, foram observadas 23 bandas proteicas, cujos pesos moleculares variaram de 16KDa a 245KDa, sendo possível a identificação das seguintes frações: 175KDa, 102KDa, 83KDa, 63KDa, 50KDa, 41KDa, 39KDa e 28KDa. De todas as bandas proteicas encontradas, somente as de 39KDa e 41KDa apresentaram alteração na cinética nos momentos avaliados. De acordo com a solução marcadora, pode-se sugerir que essas proteínas seriam α1-glicoproteína ácida (39KDa) e haptoglobina (41KDa). A concentração de imunoglobulinas nos potros apresentou aumento significativo a partir das 12 horas de nascimento. Não está elucidado se estes níveis refletem a persistência do processo inflamatório placentário ou se são alterações fisiológicas do periparto. Não foram observadas alterações na cinética das proteínas nos potros nas primeiras 48 horas.Palavras-chave: haptoglobina, α1-glicoproteína ácida, obstetrícia equina, proteínas de fase aguda ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper was to identify the serum acute phase protein concentration in mares with induced placentitis and their neonates. Blood samples were collected from the mares in 8 different moments, and from the foals, in 4 moments. To obtain the concentration of protein fractions acrilaminada gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) was used. In the used method 23 protein bands whose molecular weights ranged from 16kDa to 245kDa were observed, it is possible to identify the following fractions: 175kDa, 102kDa, 83kDa, 63kDa, 50kDa, 41kDa, 39kDa and 28kDa. Of

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“…However, in experimentally induced placentitis caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, TMP-SMX increased the viability of foals, 2,12 suggesting that the drug reached the placenta at therapeutic concentrations. In a study of placental transfer of gentamicin and penicillin G, it was shown that the selected drugs attained therapeutic concentrations in allantoic fluid suggesting successful treatment is possible to treat the bacterial placentitis cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,14 Unlike typical cases of ascending placentitis in which transrectal examination is adequate, diagnosis of nocardioform placentitis includes ventral transabdominal ultrasound.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofCrossiella equiandAmycolatopsisspecies causing nocardioform placentitis in horses

et al. 2012

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Nocardioform actinomycetes are significant causes of placentitis and abortions in horses. In the current study, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 38 Amycolatopsis spp. and 22 Crossiella equi isolates, the most common nocardioform actinomycetes causing placentitis in horses, were evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of these isolates were tested by broth microdilution method in a commercial system, which was designed for Nocardia spp., fast-growing Mycobacterium spp., and other aerobic actinomycetes. The minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms (MIC90) of the following antibiotics tested for Amycolatopsis spp. were: 4 µg/ml for linezolid, trimethophrim–sulfametaxazole (TMP-SMX), and ciprofloxacin; 8 µg/ml for ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and minocycline; 16 µg/ml for amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, clarithromycin, and imipenem; >16 µg/ml for tobramycin; 32 µg/ml for amikacin and cefepime; and 128 µg/ml for cefoxitin. The MIC90 levels for C. equi were 0.25 µg/ml for doxycycline; ≤1 µg/ml for minocycline; 2 µg/ml for linezolid and TMP-SMX; 4 µg/ml for ciprofloxacin; 8 µg/ml for amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, and imipenem; 16 µg/ml for clarithromycin; >16 µg/ml for tobramycin; 32 µg/ml for cefepime; >64 µg/ml for amikacin; and 128 µg/ml for cefoxitin.

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Ascending Placentitis in the Mare: An Update

Cited by 62 publications

References 43 publications

Transrectal ultrasonographic measurements of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta in Spanish Purebred mares

Transrectal ultrasonographic measurements of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta in Spanish Purebred mares

Proteinograma sérico de éguas com placentite ascendente e seus respectivos neonatos: dados preliminares

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofCrossiella equiandAmycolatopsisspecies causing nocardioform placentitis in horses

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