Aseptic culture of slowly growing mycorrhical Russula and Cortinarius species

Hintikka, Veikko; Niemi, Karoliina

doi:10.29203/ka.1999.336

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…These included ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi of an unknown species of Cortinarius (Basidiomycota) isolated from sporocarps, and Cenococcum geophilum Fries (Ascomycota) isolated from root tips. All fungal cultures were maintained axenically on modified Melin-Norkrans media at 18C (Marx 1969;Hinttikka and Karoliina 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct nocturnal water transfer from oaks to their mycorrhizal symbionts during severe soil drying

2003

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Symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in the absorption of soil nutrients and water by most plants. It has been suggested that hydraulically lifted water might maintain the integrity of the external mycorrhizal mycelium during drought. We tested this hypothesis in the obligately mycorrhizal species, coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), using a microcosm system that separated the effects of hydraulic lift in roots from those in the external mycelium. Mycorrhizal oak seedlings were established in microcosms comprising three discrete compartments for (1) upper roots, (2) tap roots, and (3) external fungal mycelium. Eight months after planting, a drought treatment was initiated: irrigation to the upper root and fungal chambers was terminated and only irrigation to the taproot compartment was maintained. After 3, 12, 30, 50, 70 and 80 days of drought, tracers were injected into the taproot compartment at dusk. At dawn the following morning, mycorrhizal hyphae (EM and AM) and spores (AM) in upper root and fungal compartments were extensively labeled with the tracers. In contrast, no labeling was observed when tracers were injected into the taproot compartment during daytime. Nocturnal water translocation from plant to mycorrhizal fungi occurred in association with hydraulic lift. Saprotrophic/parasitic fungi in the microcosms were not labeled, suggesting a direct water transfer from plants to their mycorrhizal mutualists and not to other fungi in the soil. Even after prolonged drought (70-80 days), mycorrhizal hyphae persisted in soils with water potential values as low as -20 MPa. Maintaining mycorrhizal activity through direct water translocation could potentially improve the nutrient status of deep-rooted plants during periods when the fertile upper soil is dry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct nocturnal water transfer from oaks to their mycorrhizal symbionts during severe soil drying

2003

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“…If the N isotopic signature is in fact a good indicator of differences in protein use, we should be able to use isotopic signature to predict which fungi use mostly organic vs inorganic N. Based on our results, we hypothesize that if the isotopic variation among EMF species can predict protein use, then the Russula species fruiting in the present study use little or no protein N. Members of this genus are difficult to isolate and slow-growing in pure culture, although new protocols have greater success with isolation (Hintikka & Niemi, 1999). Taylor et al (2000) found that one species of Russula isolated from a root tip grew on protein N. Clearly, more work linking protein use and isotopic signature of individual strains is needed.…”

Section: Nitrogen Isotopes and Protein Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa differing in response to nitrogen deposition also differ in pure culture organic nitrogen use and natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes

2002

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Summary• Ectomycorrhizal fungal species vary in their response to nitrogen (N) availability and ability to use organic N. We hypothesized that taxa dominant at sites with high soil inorganic N would be less likely to use organic N than taxa dominant at low soil inorganic N. We also asked whether these taxa differed in natural abundance of N isotopes.• Pure culture N use for taxa from an N deposition gradient in Alaska was examined and N isotopes of sporocarps, soils and foliage collected over this gradient were quantified.• Taxa common in low inorganic N soils grew on protein, glutamine and serine, whereas dominant taxa in high inorganic N soils grew on glutamine, but poorly on protein and serine. Sporocarp δ 15 N was highest in protein users, and lowest in nonprotein users. With increasing soil inorganic N, sporocarps became more isotopically enriched relative to foliage.• The importance of organic N use might decline with increasing N availability, although field tests are required. The relationship between organic N use and N isotopes also merits further study. However, sporocarp isotopic enrichment may be a useful indicator of soil N availability.

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“…can achieve better growth in media lacking an additional carbon source, implying that the nitrogen source and trace elements may be more critical factors. However, the mycelium mentioned in the study has not been determined with molecular identification [78].…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of 'Strains' From R Griseocarnosamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous studies have suggested that ectomycorrhizal fungi, such as Russula spp., tend to appear primarily during the later stages of forest succession [78,101]. Environmental selection and dispersal limitation are considered the two main processes shaping the construction of biological communities in ecosystems [102].…”

Section: Habitat Molecular Ecology Of R Griseocarnosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Russula griseocarnosa: A Molecular Ecology Perspective

Liu,

Yong,

Cai

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Russula griseocarnosa, an edible and medicinal mushroom abundant in nutrients and notable bioactivities, is predominantly grown in the broad-leaved forest with trees of the family Fagaceae in southern China. This species forms ectomycorrhizal associations with plant roots and cannot be artificially cultivated currently. Previous research indicates a strong correlation between the growth of R. griseocarnosa and factors such as the host plant, climate variables (specifically mean temperature and precipitation from June to October), and the rhizosphere microbiota of its habitat. However, comprehensive studies on the fundamental biology of this species are lacking. The interaction between R. griseocarnosa and its host plant, as well as the mechanisms underlying the microbial community dynamics within its habitat, remain ambiguous. The limited repertoire and diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in R. griseocarnosa relative to saprophytic fungi may contribute to its recalcitrance to cultivation on synthetic media. The specific core enzyme and the substances provided by the host plant to facilitate growth are yet to be elucidated, posing a significant challenge in the artificial cultivation of R. griseocarnosa. The habitat of R. griseocarnosa harbours unique microbial communities, indicating the presence of potentially beneficial microorganisms that could be exploited for artificial propagation and conservation efforts. However, the lack of definitive functional verification experiments hinders the realization of this promising prospect. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the nutritional profile and health benefits of R. griseocarnosa, emphasizing recent developments in its isolation, molecular ecology, and artificial cultivation. Additionally, it explores prospective advancements in R. griseocarnosa research, aiming to enrich our foundational understanding for applied purposes and fostering progress in the realm of ectomycorrhizal edible mushrooms.

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Aseptic culture of slowly growing mycorrhical Russula and Cortinarius species

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Direct nocturnal water transfer from oaks to their mycorrhizal symbionts during severe soil drying

Direct nocturnal water transfer from oaks to their mycorrhizal symbionts during severe soil drying

Ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa differing in response to nitrogen deposition also differ in pure culture organic nitrogen use and natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes

Exploring the Potential of Russula griseocarnosa: A Molecular Ecology Perspective

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