Ash behavior of various fuels: The role of the intrinsic distribution of ash species

Reinmöller, Markus; Schreiner, Marcus; Guhl, Stefan; Neuroth, Manuela; Meyer, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.05.036

Cited by 60 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The acidic compositions with a high ionic potential tend to combine with oxygen to form stable networks of silicate or alumino-silicate, and increase the T s and AFT; whereas the basic compositions tend to act as network modifiers, which results in a decrease in their values through a conversion of the bridging-oxygen bond into nonbridging-oxygen . Thus, the AFCs are related closely to the base-to-acid (B/A) ratio (B/A = (CaO + MgO + K 2 O + Na 2 O + Fe 2 O 3 )/(SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + TiO 2 + P 2 O 5 )) . The ash compositions of four samples as determined by ICP-AES and the B/A ratios of the four samples are presented in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Ash-Fusion Characteristics of Livestock Manure and Low-Rank Coals

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Large amounts of livestock manure are produced annually, and cogasification offers a promising method for large-scale and clean use of manure. To investigate the ash-fusion characteristics (AFC) of livestock manure and coal, and their variation mechanisms, the AFCs of two coals (Yima long-flame coal and Husheng lignite), two manures (cattle manure (CM), and swine manure (SM)), and their mixtures were explored. An increase in the ash mass ratio of the CM or SM increased the sintering temperature (T s) of two mixed coal ashes (the SM enhanced the T s more than that of the CM); however, their ash-fusion temperature (AFT) decreased first and then increased (the turning points for the Yima long-flame coal ash mixture were CM: ∼60% and SM: ∼40%, and those for the Husheng lignite were SM: ∼70% and SM: ∼50%). The T s was induced by partial particle surface fusion, and was related to the formation of a low melting eutectic (e.g., binary systems for K2SiO3–Na2Si2O5 and Na2S–FeS) and their contents. The AFT indicated that the bulk melting property was determined mainly by ash composition, especially for a basic/acid ratio. The disappearance of mullite and the formation of high melting-point phosphates (e.g., KCaPO4, K2CaP2O7, and Ca2.71Mg0.27(PO4)2) resulted in AFT fluctuations of the mixtures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Ash-Fusion Characteristics of Livestock Manure and Low-Rank Coals

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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“…Still some scholars believe that ash composition distribution, particle size and density also affect the single particle behave. In Factsage calculation, the software cannot take the influence those aspects into account 33,34 . As a result, the results of FactSage are lightly different form the experimental ones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect on ash deposition by blending high‐calcium Zhundong coal with vermiculite: Focusing on minerals transformations

Yang

Jin

Liu

et al. 2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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To solve the ash deposition problem caused by burning high‐calcium Zhundong coal (ZDC), the addition of vermiculite is a promising solution. However, complete mechanisms of vermiculite addition reducing ash deposition are still unknown. In this paper, the effect of vermiculite on sodium emission, ash fusion characteristics, and mineral transformation is investigated. The results show that although vermiculite, with limited Na capture capacity, lowers the ash fusion temperatures (AFTs), it can greatly reduce ash deposition. In the combustion of ZDC, calcium‐bearing minerals will react with clay minerals and then convert to molten glassy phase. Those molten minerals will take high melting point minerals, Ca2Al2SiO7 and CaMgSi2O6, as bone, showing slagging phenomenon with high AFTs. When vermiculite is introduced, the main reaction products are Ca2MgSi2O7 and Mg2SiO4 and that reduces the extent of molten minerals formation. The main ash product transforming from Ca2Al2SiO7 to Ca2MgSi2O7 leads to the decrease of AFTs. The initial ash deposition with Ca2Al2SiO7 still happens; however, vermiculite addition makes it hard for ash to grow on the existing ash deposit. The results of FactSage software agree with the experimental ones, and the proportion of slag decreases by 36% with vermiculite at 1250°C.

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“…The composition of sewage sludge may not only vary significantly within different areas, but may also change over time, depending on current consumption trends. The main ash system for this kind of waste is widely determined by SiO 2 –P 2 O 5 –Fe 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –CaO [ 32 ]. Moreover, some other heavy metals, such as Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Hg, or Pb, can be found in the sewage sludge and/or its ash [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Resistance of Inconel 625 CMT-Cladded Layers after Long-Term Exposure to Biomass and Waste Ashes in High-Temperature Conversion Processes

et al. 2020

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The present study investigated the effect of corrosion on an Inconel 625-cladded layer using the cold metal transfer (CMT) method. The corrosion was caused by various ashes and high process temperatures. The ashes were obtained from the biomasses of mixed wood and oat straw, as well as from sewage sludge, by ashing. Long-term corrosion tests were carried out at 650 °C over a period of 1000 h. The chemical composition, mineral phases, and corrosion effects were studied by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-rays (SEM–EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) from the surface and on the cross-section of the samples. The chemical composition of the ashes was quite different, but representative of their particular fuel. Together with the effects of the operating temperature and mass transfer, significant differences in the degree of the corrosion depth were detected for the various ashes. For the investigated samples, the corrosion mechanisms were inferred based on the identified corrosion products.

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Ash behavior of various fuels: The role of the intrinsic distribution of ash species

Cited by 60 publications

References 48 publications

Investigation on Ash-Fusion Characteristics of Livestock Manure and Low-Rank Coals

Investigation on Ash-Fusion Characteristics of Livestock Manure and Low-Rank Coals

The effect on ash deposition by blending high‐calcium Zhundong coal with vermiculite: Focusing on minerals transformations

Corrosion Resistance of Inconel 625 CMT-Cladded Layers after Long-Term Exposure to Biomass and Waste Ashes in High-Temperature Conversion Processes

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