«Así van a ser ustedes porque así los estamos formando»: Juventud, adoctrinamiento y fascistización en la dictadura Chilena, 1973-1983.

González, Yanko

doi:10.19053/20275137.n20.2020.9590

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“…Landlessness and marginalization and a collective belief that the resguardos had been dissolved unfairly and that elders were being castigated for maintaining their customs justified the organization of a regional indigenous movement in the 1970s (CRIDEC, 2011). In 1971 indigenous peasants mobilized in Caldas under the guidance of the ANUC (González, 2013: 140) and coordinated land takeovers in the resguardo of Cañamomo y Lomaprieta in Riosucio. The movement recovered the cabildos and used them to advance indigenous and peasant land claims (Luis Javier Caicedo, interview, Riosucio, July 2016).…”

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1981 it recovered part of its lands, and in 1982, with the help of activists from Karmata Rúa and Cauca, it formed the Consejo Regional Indígena de Caldas (Caldas Regional Indigenous Council—CRIDEC). As it reclaimed indigenous lands, the CRIDEC focused on revival of a local indigenous identity (González, 2013: 141). Activists pointed to the 30 Indian pueblos that had existed on the left bank of the Cauca River in 1559 (CRIDEC, 2011) and gave a positive spin to a pseudo-scientific biometrical study from the 1940s claiming that more than 60 percent of the people of western Caldas were indigenous (Duque, 1943).…”

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activists pointed to the 30 Indian pueblos that had existed on the left bank of the Cauca River in 1559 (CRIDEC, 2011) and gave a positive spin to a pseudo-scientific biometrical study from the 1940s claiming that more than 60 percent of the people of western Caldas were indigenous (Duque, 1943). Confirmation by other Emberas who see the people of Riosucio as their own continues to be the most fundamental source of support (González, 2013: 139).…”

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this loss, Riosucio’s cabildos continued to exist and comply with Law 90 of 1859, which required them to conduct a census. Lacking a clear definition of an indigenous person, cabildos normally counted someone as indigenous if his or her family line could be traced back to the original inhabitants (González, 2013: 83). These legal proceedings signaled the presence of an indigenous identity even though most people identified themselves as peasants.…”

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CRIDEC inched its way into Riosucio politics by organizing cabildos and slowly replacing the juntas de acción comunal (community action boards), clientelistic organizations unable to make effective land claims. Though it was challenging to persuade people to identify themselves as indigenous (CRIDEC, 2011: 48), the organization increased its legitimacy once it had revived a sense of community and reduced emigration by helping create jobs, education opportunities, health services, and training in politics (González, 2013). Official census data offer some evidence to support these claims: In 1993, 41 percent of Riosucio’s 43,511 people identified themselves as indigenous, and by 2005 75 percent of the population of 54,537 considered themselves Embera (Lopera-Mesa, 2010: 71).…”

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indigenous Social Movements and Institutional Reform: Mechanisms of Interest Representation in Three Colombian Municipalities

Velasco¹

2021

Latin American Perspectives

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In the 1990s, Colombia passed but unevenly enforced multicultural reforms to address indigenous rights. Parallel to this, decentralization laws delegated key aspects of interest intermediation to local governments. These reforms changed the political opportunity structure that framed the relationship between indigenous people and the state. Indigenous activists engaged nonindigenous authorities and institutions at the local level in contentious, cooperative, or competitive strategies of interest intermediation to redistribute assets, claim indigenous rights, and create coalitions committed to ethnic governance. These strategies involved various mechanisms including framing indigenous claims, mobilizing communities, and repurposing or revising existing institutions to help keep indigenous territories and communities together. The reforms opened new opportunities, and activists responded by sustaining contentious strategies of interest intermediation such as social protests and testing cooperative and competitive mechanisms to coordinate different jurisdictions, participate in local elections, build up broader constituencies, and increase coalitions to support indigenous rights. En la década de 1990, Colombia aprobó reformas multiculturales para abordar los derechos indígenas, pero procedió a ejercerlas de manera desigual. Paralelamente, las leyes de descentralización delegaron aspectos clave de la intermediación de intereses a los gobiernos locales. Estas reformas cambiaron la estructura de oportunidades políticas que enmarcaba la relación entre los pueblos indígenas y el Estado. Los activistas indígenas involucraron a autoridades e instituciones locales no indígenas en estrategias de intermediación de intereses contenciosas, cooperativas o competitivas para redistribuir activos, reclamar derechos indígenas y crear coaliciones comprometidas con la gobernanza étnica. Estas estrategias implicaron diversos mecanismos, entre ellos la formulación de reclamos indígenas, la movilización de las comunidades y la reutilización o revisión de las instituciones existentes para ayudar a mantener unidos los territorios y las comunidades indígenas. Las reformas dieron lugar a nuevas oportunidades, y los activistas respondieron sustentando estrategias contestatarias de intermediación de intereses, como protestas sociales, y probando mecanismos cooperativos y competitivos para coordinar distintas jurisdicciones, participar en elecciones locales, construir grupos más amplios y aumentar las coaliciones en apoyo a los derechos indígenas.

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Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Competition In Riosucio Caldasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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