2022
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1035
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Asian American/Pacific Islander and Hispanic Ethnic Enclaves, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in California: An Update

Abstract: Background: Using more recent cancer registry data, we analyzed disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence by ethnic enclave and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) among Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) and Hispanic populations in California. Methods: Primary, invasive HCC cases were identified from the California Cancer Registry during 1988–1992, 1998–2002, and 2008–2012. Age-adjusted incidence rates… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Our examination of the association between area deprivation and treatment receipt and timing had mixed results. Previous studies from diverse geographies and racial/ethnic compositions have examined nSES with incident HCC, using various indices to measure the construct ( 11 , 12 , 24 , 25 ). Taken in combination, these studies and ours support the importance of neighborhood context on disparities in HCC incidence, but additional research is needed to clarify potential associations with receipt of treatment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our examination of the association between area deprivation and treatment receipt and timing had mixed results. Previous studies from diverse geographies and racial/ethnic compositions have examined nSES with incident HCC, using various indices to measure the construct ( 11 , 12 , 24 , 25 ). Taken in combination, these studies and ours support the importance of neighborhood context on disparities in HCC incidence, but additional research is needed to clarify potential associations with receipt of treatment.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, we used residential participant addresses to collect information on their neighborhoods, including nSES and ethnic enclave. Previous studies show that Hispanic adults residing in low‐nSES and either low or high ethnic enclaves have increased HCC risk 5,27 . Neighborhood attributes influence health, 36 so including these variables in our models allowed us to comprehensively adjust for both individual‐level and neighborhood‐level factors.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tests for heterogeneity were assessed using the Wald statistic for cross‐product terms of trend variables for BMI, diabetes status, alcohol intake, smoking status, ethnic enclave, and nSES. Ethnic enclave and nSES were transformed to dichotomous variables for heterogeneity tests given the small case counts across quintiles (Q1–Q3, nonenclave; Q4–Q5, enclave; Q1–Q3, low nSES; Q4–Q5, high nSES) 5,27 . A percent change for each unit increase in generational status was calculated as (1 − HR)*100 associated with the test for p for trend.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The construct of structural racism is often operationalized as neighborhood racial-ethnic segregation and poverty; and evidence suggest that racial and ethnic segregation is particularly exacerbated by neighborhood poverty ( 14 , 15 ). Segregation is formally measured using five dimensions as developed by Massey and Denton ( 16 ): evenness (the spatial distribution of a group), exposure (the propensity for contact between groups), clustering (groups of interest located in close proximity or neighboring areas), centralization (the extent to which a group resides in or near the center of an urban area), concentration (the relative amount of physical space a group occupies).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%