Asian models of excellence in psychiatric care and rehabilitation

Abstract

In Asia, like other regions, the circumstances for psychiatric care and rehabilitation impose various limitations on us. However, committed professionals have been creating innovative models of excellence, which are culturally appropriate and clinically effective. In this paper, seven innovative models of psychiatric care and rehabilitation are presented. The Nitte project in India provides a comprehensive free rural psychiatric service, while transforming the 'brain drain' problem to 'brain circulation' cooperation. Through Social Enterprises in Hong Kong recovered clients are trained and employed. Senior Peer Counselling in Singapore emphasizes the relief of emotional distress by psychological methods and the primacy of communication in the healing or therapeutic relationship. Seoul Mental Health 2020, an epoch-making project in Korea, has increased the coverage rate of community mental health centres remarkably. Yuli Psychiatric Rehabilitation Model in Taiwan helps long-term inpatients to get reintegrated into the community. In Japan, models of excellence for community-based psychiatry have been developed at local government, hospital and community/NGO levels. Chinese Psychiatry Online, an excellent website, provides public education, resource searching, self-testing and consultation services for the public along with various contents for professionals. We must disseminate information about models of excellence which provide great benefit to the people who suffer from psychiatric illness without high expenses.

The balanced care model for global mental health

“…The Uterature from such middle-income settings, for example many of the countries of Eastern Europe and South America (Knapp et al 2007;Semrau et al 2011;Razzouk et al, in press), indicates that modest levels of resource are usually aUocated for mental health care compared with commurücable and infectious diseases (Razali, 2004;Al-Krenawi, 2005;Furedi et al 2006;Akiyama et al 2008;Janse van Rensburg, 2009;Sharifi, 2009;Rodriguez, 2010). In addition, as resources aUow, the BCM indicates that the five elements of Limited speciaiist staff provision of: 9 training and supervision 9 Talking and psycho-social of primary care staff treatments 9 Pharmacological treatments 9 consultation-liaison for complex cases 9 out-patient and in-patfent assessment 9 treatment for cases which cannot be managed in primary care Out-patient/ambulatory dinics 9 Community mental health teams 9 Talking and psycho-social 9 Acute tn-patient care treatments 9 Pharmacological treatments 9 Long-term community-based residential care 9 Work and occupation > 3.…”

Continuing Accommodation and Support Needs of Long-Term Patients with Severe Mental Illness in the Era of Community Care

“…Most beds are used for the treatment of long-term patients. Reform in Japan has been occurring gradually since the 1990s as a result of the emphasis now being placed on community mental health care services, and the creation of alternatives to long-stay wards, including community group homes [43,47]. Chan et al (2007) reported on the transition of former long-stay patients to a purpose-built supported group residence in Kochi, Japan, with a capacity to house up to 20 residents [47].…”

“…In the absence of a welfare network and limited public funding for vocational rehabilitation services, there may be greater scope for entrepreneurial initiatives such as social enterprises [43,44]. The Yu-Li psychiatric rehabilitation model reports positive outcomes for former long-stay patients living in community residential services in a township in Taiwan [45].…”

“…Although deinstitutionalisation has not begun or is proceeding slowly in many low and middle-income countries (LAMIC), various models of residential care are described [43]. In the absence of a welfare network and limited public funding for vocational rehabilitation services, there may be greater scope for entrepreneurial initiatives such as social enterprises [43,44].…”

A structured review of psychiatric rehabilitation for individuals living with severe mental illness within three regions of the Asia‐Pacific: Implications for practice and policy

“…There is great heterogeneity within the Asia‐Pacific (A‐P) region, with an array of sociodemographic influences that impact on psychiatric care (Lo et al, ). Previous reviews of rehabilitation practice in Asia have demonstrated examples of innovative models of excellence that have been created to maximize the natural attributes of nations within the region, with the intent of providing benefit to people suffering from severe mental illness (SMI) with minimal expense (Akiyama et al, ; Chandrashekar, Prashanth, Kasthuri, & Madhusudhan, ).…”