ASIRI: An Ocean–Atmosphere Initiative for Bay of Bengal

Wijesekera, H. W.; Shroyer, Emily L.; Tandon, Amit; Ravichandran, M.; Sengupta, Debasis; Jinadasa, S.U.P.; Fernando, Harindra J. S.; Agrawal, Neeraj; Arulananthan, K.; Bhat, G. S.; Baumgartner, Mark F.; Buckley, Jared; Centurioni, Luca; Conry, Patrick; Farrar, J. Thomas; Gordon, Arnold L.; Hormann, Verena; Jarosz, Ewa; Jensen, Tommy G.; Johnston, S.; Lankhorst, Matthias; Lee, Craig M.; Leo, Laura S.; Lozovatsky, Iossif; Lucas, Andrew J.; MacKinnon, Jennifer A.; Mahadevan, Amala; Nash, Jonathan D.; Omand, Melissa M.; Pham, Hieu T.; Pinkel, Robert; Rainville, Luc; Ramachandran, Sanjiv; Rudnick, Daniel L.; Sarkar, Sutanu; Send, Uwe; Sharma, Rashmi; Simmons, Harper L.; Stafford, Kathleen M.; Laurent, Louis; Venayagamoorthy, Karan; Venkatesan, R.; Teague, William J.; Wang, David W.; Waterhouse, Amy F.; Weller, Robert A.; Whalen, Caitlin B.

doi:10.1175/bams-d-14-00197.1

Cited by 83 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…2) as part of the Air-Sea Interactions Regional Initiative (ASIRI) in the northern Indian Ocean1213. As ITEs are isolated from the atmosphere by a buoyant surface layer, air-sea fluxes of momentum and heat have a minimal impact on the ITE and so they have the potential of transporting relatively unaltered regional T/S features over great distances.…”

Section: Intrathermocline Eddiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intrathermocline Eddy and a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal

Gordon

Murty

2017

Sci Rep

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The Bay of Bengal, subjected to monsoonal forcing and tropical cyclones, displays a complex field of ocean eddies. On 5 December 2013 a sub-surface vortex or Intrathermocline Eddy (ITE) composed of water characteristic of the Andaman Sea was observed within the thermocline of the western Bay of Bengal. We propose that the ITE was the product of Tropical Cyclone Lehar interaction on 27 November 2013 with a westward propagating surface eddy from the eastern Bay of Bengal. While Lehar’s interaction with the ocean initially removes heat from the upper layers of the eddy, air-sea flux is limited as the deeper portions of the eddy was subducted into the stratified thermocline, inhibiting further interaction with the atmosphere. The ITE core from 30 to 150 m is thus isolated from local air-sea fluxes by strong stratification at the mixed layer base, and its periphery is stable to shear instability, suggestive of longevity and the ability to carry water far distances with minimal modification.

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Section: Intrathermocline Eddiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intrathermocline Eddy and a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal

Gordon

Murty

2017

Sci Rep

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“…Three commercially manufactured microstructure profilers that are commonly employed by the oceanographic community were used during the field campaigns. In the ECS (Liu et al, ; Lozovatsky et al, ; Lozovatsky, Jinadasa, et al, ; Lozovatsky, Lee, et al, ), we operated the MSS‐60 profiler (Prandke & Stips, ) and TurboMAP (Wolk et al, ), while in BoB/SL (Jinadasa et al, ; Wijesekera et al, ) and in GS (Lozovatsky et al, ), the measurements were taken by VMP‐500 (http://rocklandscientific.com/products/profilers/vmp-500/). In shallow waters (ECS) the measurements were collected in the depth range between the sea surface and 1–3 m above the sea floor; and in deep waters (BoB/SL and GS) the profilers descended to ∼130–150 m, being limited by the length of a tethered cable and weather conditions.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability Distribution of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate in Ocean: Observations and Approximations

et al. 2017

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The probability distribution of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in stratified ocean usually deviates from the classic lognormal distribution that has been formulated for and often observed in unstratified homogeneous layers of atmospheric and oceanic turbulence. Our measurements of vertical profiles of micro‐scale shear, collected in the East China Sea, northern Bay of Bengal, to the south and east of Sri Lanka, and in the Gulf Stream region, show that the probability distributions of the dissipation rate trueɛ∼r in the pycnoclines (r ∼ 1.4 m is the averaging scale) can be successfully modeled by the Burr (type XII) probability distribution. In weakly stratified boundary layers, lognormal distribution of trueɛ∼r is preferable, although the Burr is an acceptable alternative. The skewness Skɛ and the kurtosis Kɛ of the dissipation rate appear to be well correlated in a wide range of Skɛ and Kɛ variability.

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“…Oceanic rainfall also contributes in equal proportion to the total freshwater received by the northern BoB (Chaitanya et al, ). Consequently, the BoB stands out as the freshest marginal sea in the tropics (Chaitanya et al, ), with SSS being as low as 25 pss (Wijesekera et al, ) and displaying sharp horizontal gradients (Sengupta et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra River Plume by the Indian Ocean Dipole and Eddies Inferred From Satellite Observations

Fournier

Vialard

Lengaigne³

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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The Bay of Bengal receives large amounts of freshwater from the Ganga‐Brahmaputra (GB) river during the summer monsoon. The resulting upper‐ocean freshening influences seasonal rainfall, cyclones, and biological productivity. Sparse in situ observations and previous modeling studies suggest that the East India Coastal Current (EICC) transports these freshwaters southward after the monsoon as an approximately 200 km wide, 2,000 km long “river in the sea” along the East Indian coast. Sea surface salinity (SSS) from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite provides unprecedented views of this peculiar feature from intraseasonal to interannual timescales. SMAP SSS has a 0.83 correlation and 0.49 rms‐difference to 0–5 m in situ measurements. SMAP and in stu data both indicate a SSS standard deviation of ∼0.7 to 1 away from the coast, that rises to 2 pss within 100 km of the coast, providing a very favorable signal‐to‐noise ratio in coastal areas. SMAP also captures the strong northern BoB, postmonsoon cross‐shore SSS contrasts (∼10 pss) measured along ship transects. SMAP data are also consistent with previous modeling results that suggested a modulation of the EICC/GB plume southward extent by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Remote forcing associated with the negative Indian Ocean Dipole in the fall of 2016 indeed caused a stronger EICC and “river in the sea” that extended by approximately 800 km further south than that in 2015 (positive IOD year). The combination of SMAP and altimeter data shows eddies stirring the freshwater plume away from the coast.

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ASIRI: An Ocean–Atmosphere Initiative for Bay of Bengal

Cited by 83 publications

References 68 publications

An Intrathermocline Eddy and a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal

An Intrathermocline Eddy and a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal

Probability Distribution of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate in Ocean: Observations and Approximations

Modulation of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra River Plume by the Indian Ocean Dipole and Eddies Inferred From Satellite Observations

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