Asn-150 of Murine Erythroid 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase Modulates the Catalytic Balance between the Rates of the Reversible Reaction

Stojanovski, Bosko M.; Ferreira, Glória C.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.655399

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…As an enzyme belongs to α-oxoamine synthase (AOS) family, ALAS adapts asparagine instead of histidine and phenylalanine which are widely observed at analogous site in the structure. The unusual amino acid usage is assumed that histidine and phenylalanine may impede the 5-ALA release and even result in balance shift to reverse reaction (Stojanovski and Ferreira 2015 ).…”

Section: Production Of 5-ala Via C4 Pathway In Escherichia ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities of bioprocessing 5-aminolevulinic acid using genetic and metabolic engineering: a critical review

Shih

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Abstract5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a non-proteinogenic five-carbon amino acid, has received intensive attentions in medicine due to its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer diagnosis and treatment as photodynamic therapy. As chemical synthesis of 5-ALA performed low yield, complicated processes, and high cost, biosynthesis of 5-ALA via C4 (also called Shemin pathway) and C5 pathway related to heme biosynthesis in microorganism equipped more advantages. In C4 pathway, 5-ALA is derived from condensation of succinyl-CoA and glycine by 5-aminolevulic acid synthase (ALAS) with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as co-factor in one-step biotransformation. The C5 pathway involves three enzymes comprising glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GltX), glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HemA), and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (HemL) from α-ketoglutarate in TCA cycle to 5-ALA and heme. In this review, we describe the recent results of 5-ALA production from different genes and microorganisms via genetic and metabolic engineering approaches. The regulation of different chassis is fine-tuned by applying synthetic biology and boosts 5-ALA production eventually. The purification process, challenges, and opportunities of 5-ALA for industrial applications are also summarized.

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Section: Production Of 5-ala Via C4 Pathway In Escherichia ...mentioning

confidence: 99%