Aspartame: Review of recent experimental and observational data

Janssen, P.J.C.M.; Heijden, C.A. van der

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(88)90117-5

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…ASP follows a hydrolysis process in the laboratory giving MeOH, Asp and Phe 10:40:50 (w/w/w) (Janssen and van der Heijden, 1988). Furthermore, the concentrations of ASP hydrolysis products measured in the human plasma, after its ingestion, were different and previously reported by Stegink (1987).…”

Section: Erythrocyte Membrane Preparationmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Thus, it is not surprising that very large doses of ASP or its component parts (Asp, Phe and MeOH) produce deleterious effects in sensitive animal species. The critical question is whether ASP is potentially harmful at normal and at abuse levels of use (Stegink, 1987;Janssen and van der Heijden, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following amide and ester hydrolysis, ASP is metabolized to aspartic acid (Asp), methanol (MeOH) and phenylalanine (Phe), with serum levels of all three metabolites increasing after ingestion of modest amounts (Pardridge, 1986;Janssen and van der Heijden, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical studies have demonstrated that administration of ASP can alter some aspects of blood chemistry, in particular, plasma Phe levels (Janssen and van der Heijden, 1988) and brain wave activity among epileptic children (Camfield et al, 1992) Moreover, since ASP approval, numerous case reports have implicated ASP in the occurrence of such problems as seizures (Camfield et al, 1992), headache (Van den Eeden et al, 1994;Strong, 2000), panic attacks and oncogenesis (Roberts, 1988;Karikas et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolites in human erythrocyte membrane

et al. 2005

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Background: Reports have implicated Aspartame (N-L-a-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, ASP) in neurological problems. Aim: To evaluate Na þ , K þ -ATPase activities in human erythrocyte membranes after incubation with the ASP metabolites, phenylalanine (Phe), methanol (MeOH) and aspartic acid (Asp). Methods: Erythrocyte membranes were obtained from 12 healthy individuals and were incubated at 371C for 1 h with the sum or each of the ASP metabolites separately, which are commonly measured in blood after ASP ingestion. Na þ , K þ -ATPase and Mg 2 þ -ATPase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Membrane Mg 2 þ -ATPase activity was not altered. The sum of ASP metabolite concentrations corresponding to 34, 150 or 200 mg/kg of the sweetener ingestion resulted in an inhibition of the membrane Na þ , K þ -ATPase by À30, À40, À48%, respectively. MeOH concentrations of 0.14, 0.60 or 0.80 mM decreased the enzyme activity by À25, À38, À43%, respectively. Asp concentrations of 2.80, 7.60 or 10.0 mM inhibited membrane Na þ , K þ -ATPase by À26, À40, À46%, respectively. Phe concentrations of 0.14, 0.35 or 0.50 mM reduced the enzyme activity by À24, À44, À48%, respectively. Preincubation with L-cysteine or reduced glutathione (GSH) completely or partially restored the inhibited membrane Na þ , K þ -ATPase activity by high or toxic ASP metabolite concentrations. Conclusions: Low concentrations of ASP metabolites had no effect on Na þ , K þ -ATPase activity. High or abuse concentrations of ASP hydrolysis products significantly decreased the membrane enzyme activity, which was completely or partially prevented by L-cysteine or reduced GSH.

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Section: Erythrocyte Membrane Preparationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolites in human erythrocyte membrane

et al. 2005

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“…One of the most widely used substitutes for sugar in beverages and in certain foods is a nonnutritive sweetener known as aspartame. FAOl WHO has determined that aspartame is safe for human consumption provided that the daily intake is less than 40 mglkg body weight (Janssen & vander-Heijden, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sugars and Aspartame on the Uptake and Transport of Iron by Caco-2 Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium.

Kongkachuichai

Tani

Yasumoto

1997

FSTI

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To evaluate the influence of sugars (glucose, fructose, Iactose) and aspartame on the uptake and transport of iron, we investigated iron uptake by monolayers of Cac0-2 cells and the transport of iron from the apical to the basal chamber when Cac0-2 cells were grown on polycarbonate membrane inserts in serum-free medium (ITS) (ITS; insulin, transferrin and selenious acid). Iron uptake in fructose and glucose was significantly greater than in lactose and the control groups (p<0.05). When the concentration of added fructose or glucose was increased from 2 pM to 20 pM, the uptake and transport of iron significantly increased. Aspartame 2 pM increased the iron uptake and transport rate.

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The Neuropsychiatric Effects of Aspartame in Normal Volunteers

Lapierre

Greenblatt

Goddard

et al. 1990

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Ten healthy volunteers with no history of aspartame intolerance (6 men and 4 women, aged 21-36 years) received a single dose of aspartame (15 mg/kg body weight in capsules) or matching placebo in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Eleven blood samples collected over 24 hours were analyzed for plasma glucose and amino acid concentrations. The following variables were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-dosage: changes in mood measured on visual analog scales, cognitive function determined by digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) and arithmetic test scores, and reaction time measured with a brake-pedal reaction timer. Memory was tested at 2 and 24 hours after dosage based on recall of standardized 16-item word lists. No significant differences between aspartame and placebo were found in measures of sedation, hunger, headache, reaction-time, cognition, or memory at any time during the study. Plasma phenylalanine levels were significantly higher following aspartame (P less than .01) than with placebo between 1 and 6 hours postdosage, reaching a maximum difference of +3.36 mumols/dl at 2 hours. Plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different between aspartame and placebo. The results of this study suggest that following a single 15 mg/kg dose of aspartame, no detectable effects are observed in a group of healthy volunteers with no history of aspartame intolerance, despite significant increases in plasma phenylalanine concentrations.

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Aspartame: Review of recent experimental and observational data

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolites in human erythrocyte membrane

The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolites in human erythrocyte membrane

Effects of Sugars and Aspartame on the Uptake and Transport of Iron by Caco-2 Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium.

The Neuropsychiatric Effects of Aspartame in Normal Volunteers

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