Aspectos clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais do envenenamento crotálico experimental em equinos

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(9):843-849, setembro 2012 843 RESUMO.-Descrevem-se os quadros clínico-patológicos e laboratoriais de equinos inoculados experimentalmente com a peçonha de Caudisona durissa terriϔicus (Crotalus durissus terriϔicus na antiga nomenclatura), com a ϐinalidade de fornecer subsídios que favoreçam a compreensão desse tipo de acidente oϐídico em equinos. O veneno lioϐilizado foi diluído em 1ml de solução salina a 0,9% e inoculado por via subcutânea em cinco equinos, nas doses de 0,12mg/kg (um animal), 0,066mg/kg (dois animais) e 0,03mg/kg (dois animais The clinic-pathological picture and laboratory ϐindings in horses experimentally inoculated with the venom of Caudisona durissa terriϔicus (Crotalus durissus terriϔicus, according to the former nomenclature) are described. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of this type of snake accident in horses. The lyophilized venom was diluted into 1ml of a 0.9% saline solution and was inoculated subcutaneously into ϐive horses, at the doses of 0.12mg/kg (one horse), 0.066mg/kg (two horses) and 0.03mg/kg (two horses). The venom caused death of the horse that had received 0.12mg/kg, and of one horse of the two that had received the dose of 0.066mg/kg. The clinical course varied from 27h27min to 52h29min. The second horse inoculated with 0.066mg/kg recovered within 12 days after inoculation. The dose of 0.03mg/kg had a course of 6 to 10 days, but did not cause fatal envenomation. The clinical picture in the horses was characterized by swelling of the inoculation site (shoulder) that spread to the whole leg, by apathy and lowered head, locomotory alterations shown by dragging of the hoves on the ground, decubitus and difϐi-culty to get up, reduction of auricular, palatal, upperlip and threat reϐlexes, and increase of heart and breathing frequency. The laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in two horses. There was increase of the creatine-kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (DHL) and urea, and reduction in the seric levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The activated partial tromboplastina time (TTPA) increased in the horses that died. Postmortem ϐindings were edema of the subcutaneous tissue of the whole leg into which the venom was inoculated, suffusions in the epicard of left and right heart ventricles, and bladder with hemorrhagic areas in its mucosa. Histopatologic examination revealed the liver parenchyma with diffuse moderate vacuolation affecting predominantly the intermediate area of the hepatic lobe, and slight dilation of the sinusoides in some areas, and slight dilation of the kidney tubules mainly in the cortex.

Quadros clínico-patológicos do envenenamento ofídico por Crotalus durissus terrificus e Bothrops spp. em animais de produção

“…No envenenamento experimental por Crotalus durissus terrificus realizado por Lopes et al (2012) em cinco equinos, o veneno, inoculado por via subcutânea, causou a morte do equino que recebeu a dose de 0,12mg/kg e de um dos dois que receberam a dose de 0,066mg/kg, com evolução de 27h27 min e 52h29 min, respectivamente. O segundo animal que recebeu a dose de 0,066mg/kg também adoeceu, mas recuperou-se após 12 dias da inoculação.…”

“…Exceção se faz em relação ao cavalo, em que Araujo & Belluomini (1960-62) descrevem um pequeno edema, porém nossa equipe observou edema acentuado (Lopes et al 2012).…”

“…Em relação às descrições gerais sobre o envenenamento crotálico há várias divergências: nossa equipe não observou mioglobinúria nem em bovinos , nem em equinos (Lopes et al 2012) e também não observou necrose de túbulos uriníferos ou nefrite em bovinos ) e em equinos (Lopes et al 2012) …”

South American Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus spp.) Envenomation in Dogs in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

“…Natural Crotalus durissus terrificus envenomations have been rarely reported in dogs in Brazil [8] and Argentina [18], and there are no cases reported in livestock [36]. Experimental crotalic envenomations have been conducted in dogs [33], cattle [11], and horses [21] to evaluate clinical and pathological changes. Considering the rarity in domestic animals, this report aims to provide information on clinical signs, laboratory, gross and histopathological findings of two natural cases of crotalic envenomation in dogs in the Northeast of Brazil.…”

Proteoma de peçonhas de serpentes Crotalus durissus collilineatus: análise de variações individuais

“…O aumento significativo dessas proteínas corroboram com achados laboratoriais de estudos anteriores, o que pode sugerir um quadro de miotoxicidade (FERNANDES;AGUIAR;DAHER, 2008;LOPES et al, 2012;SANTOS et al, 2013), pois o aumento destas enzimas está relacionado a lesões da musculatura esquelética.…”