Aspectos da fluência na narrativa oral de indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Investigar aspectos da fluência na narrativa oral de indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal (TEAF), e compará-los a indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem quanto à frequência de disfluências e à velocidade de fala. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo nove indivíduos com TEAF (dois com Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal e sete com Transtorno Neurodesenvolvimental Relacionado ao Álcool) com idades cronológicas entre 4 e 12 anos de idade, pareados a outros nove indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem segundo gênero e idade cronológica. As narrativas orais foram produzidas utilizando o livro Frog, where are you? e analisadas quanto aos parâmetros da fluência de fala do Teste de Linguagem Infantil - ABFW (tipologia de disfluências, frequência de rupturas e velocidade de fala). RESULTADOS: Os grupos com TEAF e desenvolvimento típico de linguagem diferiram quanto à frequência total de disfluências, disfluências comuns e disfluências gagas, sendo as tipologias mais frequentes a hesitação e a pausa. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a frequência aumentada de pausas e hesitações dos indivíduos com TEAF pode ser decorrente de dificuldades na elaboração da narrativa oral de histórias, justificando a menor taxa de velocidade de fala apresentada por esses indivíduos.

Narrativa oral de indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal

“…they used different words less often in relation to the total of words emitted when compared to the individuals with TLD. Reduced semantic repertoire has been described in previous studies on the language of children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy (12,(16)(17)(18)(19) .…”

“…It is speculated that the greater occurrence of incomplete utterances in the narration of individuals with FASD may indicate the difficulty that individuals often present in planning and elaboration of the utterances, either in lexical selection or in semantic organization of the words that composed the ongoing utterance as of later statements, which should be related with one another in order to maintain the meaning of the narrative. Syntactic and semantic impairments have been reported in studies investigating the performance of individuals with FASD in language tests (12,15,16,18) or in more naturalistic language samples, such as oral narrative (11,13,14,19) , since individuals with FASD needed revisions and reformulations of utterances throughout the oral narrative.…”

“…Such compromise is frequently characterized by significant deficits in language comprehension (12)(13)(14)(15) . The studies investigating language production of individuals with FASD reported impaired phonological component (15) , reduced expressive vocabulary for the age (12,(16)(17)(18)(19) , production of vague, irrelevant, and inaccurate utterances (17) ; difficulties to elaborate concepts and production of ambiguous statements (13,14) , as well as increased frequency of hesitancy and silent pauses, which indicate significant difficulties to organize the story narrative scheme and use appropriate syntactic and semantic structures throughout the narrative (19) .…”

“…These changes were described in the studies focusing on assessment of spoken language by means of standardized language tests (16) , as well as in those which prioritized naturalistic samples of spoken language, such as story narration (13,14,17,19) .…”

“…As shown, it is noted that, although some studies reported clinical manifestations that signal the difficulties presented by individuals with FASD in oral narrative, as to the microstructural aspects of narrative (13,14,17) and fluency of spoken language (19) , little is known about the aspects that refer to the macrostructural dimension and global coherence of narrative. Also, although the association between the microstructural aspects (referential cohesion) of narrative and the items of the 4-Digit Diagnostic Code (facial characteristics and CNS impairment) has been reported as part of the FASD phenotype (20) , such findings are still to be further explored.…”