Aspects épidémiologiques et histopathologiques des affections mammaires à Ouagadougou

Abstract

Notre travail a porté sur 992 cas d'affections mammaires colligés, de janvier 2001 à décembre 2006, dans les laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique de la ville de Ouagadougou. L'objectif a été de déterminer les aspects épi-démiologiques et histologiques des affections mammaires dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Il est ressorti de cette étude que : 1) les cas d'affections mammaires diagnostiqués ont augmenté avec le temps ; 2) les trois quarts des lésions diagnostiquées ont été bénignes ; 3) l'âge moyen des patients a été de 34,4 ans pour l'affection mammaire en général ; 4) chez l'homme, l'âge a été de 70 ans pour le seul cas de carcinome, et la moyenne d'âge lors du diagnostic de la lésion bénigne a été de 29 ans ; 5) la lésion a été le plus souvent localisée à droite avec 49,4 % des cas. Sur le plan de l'histologie, la première affection mammaire a été l'adéno-fibrome avec 37,2 % des cas, suivi du carcinome canalaire infiltrant (CCI) avec 16,8 % des cas. Le grade III de ScarffBloom-Richardson a été le plus souvent retrouvé avec 49,3 % des cas. La lésion fibrokystique a occupé le troisième rang avec 12,1 % des cas. La tuberculose mammaire a constitué une affection rare avec 0,4 % des cas d'affections mammaires. Chez l'homme, l'affection mammaire bénigne a été repré-sentée par la gynécomastie avec 0,6 % des cas d'affections mammaires. Un seul cas de tumeur maligne, à savoir le CCI bilatéral, a été diagnostiqué chez celui-ci. Mots clés Épidémiologie · Histologie · Affection mammaire · OuagadougouAbstract Our study was about a survey of 992 cases of breast diseases conducted from January 2001 to December 2006 in the different departments of pathology of Ouagadougou. The main objective was to determine the histological and epidemiological aspects of breast disease in Ouagadougou. The following results were obtained. 1) The number of the cases has increased with the time.2) The three-quarters of diagnosed lesions were minor.3) The average age of patients was 34.4 years for breast disease in general. With regard to men, the age was 70 years for carcinoma, and the average age during the minor lesion diagnosis was 29 years. 4) The lesion was located mostly on the right side with 49.2% of the cases. 5) At the histological level, adenofibroma with 37.2% of the cases was considered as the highest occurrence followed by infiltrated canal carcinoma with 16.8% of the cases. The grade II by Scarff-BloomRichardson was found most of the time with 49.3% of the cases. 6) The fibrocystic lesion having 12.1% was ranked third. Breast tuberculosis was a rare disease with 0.4% of breast disease. 7) As far as men were concerned, the minor chest disease was shown by gynecomastia, representing 0.6% of breast disease cases. A single case of malignant tumor namely the bilateral infiltrating carcinoma canal was diagnosed.

Epidemiological and Anatomopathological Characteristics of Breast Tumors in Young Women in Cotonou in the Republic of Benin from 2015 to 2019

“…This average age is slightly higher than that reported in African literature for young women. Darre et al in 2017 in Togo, Bonane-Thieba et al in 2010 in Burkina-Faso, Bouzid et al in 2013 in Tunisia, and Gueye et al in 2016 in Senegal had respectively found an average age of 32.6 years, 31, 3 years, 30.9 years and 29.7 years [4][5][6][7][8]. The average age of cancer in young women in Cotonou is comparable to data from Western authors.…”

“…Patients under the age of 30 represented 84.6% of our study population. In Burkina-Faso in 2010, Bonane-Thieba et al found an average age of 24.1 years with 78.8% of cases being less than 30 years old [4]. These data support the hypothesis according to which youth is the target of breast tumors.…”

“…Breast cancers in young women under 40 represented 5.2% of breast tumors in our series. For Njeze and Bonane-Thieba et al, the prevalence was respectively 16.8% and 11.1% [4,5]. These high rates found by these authors could be explained by the fact that the cases were directly recruited from anatomy pathology laboratories where the examination request related to suspected cases of malignancy and moreover these laboratories did not receive the majority of tumors judged benign on imaging.…”

“…Several authors from the West African sub-region have reported similar prevalences. Bonané-Thiéba and al, in 2010 in Ouagadougou, reported a prevalence of benign breast tumors of 88.9% before the age of 40 [4]. Njeze in 2014 in Nigeria found a prevalence of 83% for an average age of 26 years [5].…”

Male Breast Nodules in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): Radiological and Histopathological Aspects

“…Male breast pathology is rare in Burkina Faso [7]. Some studies have been carried out on the epidemiological, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of malignant lesions among men [10].…”