Aspects of coagulation during emulsion polymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate

Kemmere, M.F.; Meuldijk, J.; Drinkenburg, A.A.H.; German, Anton L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980919)69:12<2409::aid-app12>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A number of other researchers neglect orthokinetic aggregation when modeling emulsion polymerization based on experimental results . Perikinetic aggregation is sought to be the dominant mechanism at small particle sizes (≈50 nm) …”

Section: Fundamental Mechanisms Of Emulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[168][169][170] Perikinetic aggregation is sought to be the dominant mechanism at small particle sizes (≈50 nm). [171] For modeling purposes, the coagulation between particles is assumed to occur as a result of binary collision events, although the assumption that all particles will coagulate through a binary collision mechanism is valid only when working with dilute systems. However, due to the complexity of formulating and solving the equations for multi-body collisions (never-mind experimental validation of the parameters), binary collision models have been used at all latex concentrations.…”

Section: Particle Coagulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is Modeling the PSD in Emulsion Polymerization a Finished Problem? An Overview

Sheibat‐Othman

Vale

Pohn

et al. 2017

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Significant progress has been made over the past 20–30 years in terms of the ability to develop and solve mechanistic models of emulsion polymerization processes, and in particular models for prediction of the particle size distribution. However, this does not imply that modeling of these economically important processes is by any means a “solved problem,” or that it is no longer necessary to perform fundamental research in this area. There are a number of areas where strong scientific work would increase the understanding of the process, including events in the aqueous phase, radical entry into growing particles, monomer partitioning, and especially the mechanisms and modeling of particle coagulation.

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Section: Fundamental Mechanisms Of Emulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Coagulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Modeling the PSD in Emulsion Polymerization a Finished Problem? An Overview

Sheibat‐Othman

Vale

Pohn

et al. 2017

Macro Reaction Engineering

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show abstract

“…The above results suggest that a large amount of particles was generated at the beginning of the reaction by micelle nucleation mechanism, and the unstable particles coagulated until the critical stability of particle was achieved. Kemmere et al [17] investigated the coagulation behavior during the polymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate, indicating that the particle coagulation would take place The polarity of polymer decreases with the increasing side chain length, thus decreasing the hydrophilicity of polymer. Piirma et al investigated the adsorption of surfactant molecules on latex particles and found that the affinity between the surfactant and polymer surface decreased with increasing hydrophilicity of polymer, [18] leading to the tight packing of the surfactant molecules on the weak hydrophilicity polymer surface such as PBMA.…”

Section: Effect Of Polymer Nature On Particle Coagulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to prepare large-scale and narrow-dispersed latex particles by emulsion polymerization based on particle coagulation mechanism

Liu

Deng

Sun

et al. 2015

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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In order to understand the mechanism of narrow particle size distribution of the final latex during particle coagulation, a series of experiments were performed to investigate the effect of polymer nature on particle coagulation capability. In particular, thermodynamics and kinetics in aqueous phase were considered to illustrate the detail process of particle coagulation. The final particle size decreased with the increasing side chain length of alkyl methacrylate from 181.5 nm in MMA to 131.6 nm in EMA, 119.3 nm in PMA, and 115.1 nm in BMA, indicating that the particle coagulation capability was proportional to the hydrophilicity of polymer. With increasing polymer hydrophilicity, the affinity between surfactant molecules and particle surface decreased, thus enhancing the particle coagulation capability. Moreover, the critical length of oligomer radical also increased with increasing hydrophilicity and the efficiency of radical capture decreased, thus increasing the saturation of monomer concentration in the inner part of particle, promoting particle coagulation. Combining these results and the La Mer Diagram, a novel approach was developed to prepare large-scale, narrow-dispersed, and high solid content polymer latex based on particle coagulation mechanism. Three criteria, namely, rapid nucleation, fast coagulation, and a long growth period, should be met to produce latex with a narrow particle size distribution.

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“…A useful rule of thumb can be established by computing the quotient of the rate coefficients derived for the limiting cases of pure perikinetic and orthokinetic aggregation of two non-interacting particles [71,72]. It results that orthokinetic aggregation is favored by high shear rates and large particle sizes.…”

Section: Coagulation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kemmere et al [71,74] studied the influence of process conditions on the coagulation behavior of polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate latexes. In a first study [71], concerning latexes with 25% solids content, coagulation was found to be governed by physicochemical factors, without any significant effect of energy dissipation rate, tank scale, impeller type or impeller diameter. Perikinetic aggregation was pointed to be the dominating mechanism for particle coagulation.…”

Section: Coagulation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling particle size distribution in emulsion polymerization reactors

Vale

McKenna

2005

Progress in Polymer Science

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A review of the use and limitations of Population Balance Equations (PBE) in the modeling of emulsion polymerisation (EP), and in particular of the particle size distribution of the dispersed system is presented. After looking at the construction of the general form of PBEs for EP, a discussion of the different approaches used to model polymerization kinetics is presented. Following this, specific applications are presented in terms of developing a two-dimensional PBE for the modeling of more complex situations (for example the particle size distribution, PSD, and the composition of polymerizing particles). This review demonstrates that while the PBE approach to modeling EP is potentially very useful, certain problems remain to be solved, notably: the need to make simplifying assumptions about the distribution of free radicals in the particles in order to limit the computation complexity of the models; and the reliance of full models on approximate coagulation models. The review finishes by considering the different numerical techniques used to solve PBEs.

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Aspects of coagulation during emulsion polymerization of styrene and vinyl acetate

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Is Modeling the PSD in Emulsion Polymerization a Finished Problem? An Overview

Is Modeling the PSD in Emulsion Polymerization a Finished Problem? An Overview

A novel approach to prepare large-scale and narrow-dispersed latex particles by emulsion polymerization based on particle coagulation mechanism

Modeling particle size distribution in emulsion polymerization reactors

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