Aspects of Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Immunopathology, and Cancer

Lazăr, Veronica; Dițu, Lia-Mara; Pîrcălăbioru, Grațiela Grădișteanu; Gheorghe, Irina; Curuţiu, Carmen; Holban, Alina Maria; Picu, Ariana; Petcu, Laura; Chifiriuc, Mariana Carmen

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01830

Cited by 419 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 217 publications

(246 reference statements)

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“…In gastrointestinal infections, pathogens are captured by Peyer's patch‐resident M cells that allow pathogen‐derived antigens to be transferred across the epithelial cell layer and delivered to the peripheral immune system, specifically to antigen‐presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), leading to the activation of T cells, and B cells, leading to the secretion of IgA antibodies. Interestingly, commensal antigens also use this mechanism to induce the production of low amounts of IgA antibodies through the modulation of their immunodominant epitopes to facilitate colonisation …”

Section: Microbiota As a Potential Factor That Influences T‐cell Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐existing heterologous T‐cell immunity and neoantigen immunogenicity

et al. 2020

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Neoantigens are tumor‐specific mutated proteins that are exempt from central tolerance and are therefore capable of efficiently eliciting effective T‐cell responses. The identification of immunogenic neoantigens in tumor‐specific mutated proteins has promising clinical implications for cancer immunotherapy. However, the factors that may contribute to neoantigen immunogenicity are not yet fully understood. Through molecular mimicry of antigens arising during cancer progression, the gut microbiota and previously encountered pathogens potentially have profound impacts on T‐cell responses to previously unencountered tumor neoantigens. Here, we review the characteristics of immunogenic neoantigens and how host exposure to microbes may affect T‐cell responses to neoantigens. We address the hypothesis that pre‐existing heterologous memory T‐cell immunity is a major factor that influences neoantigen immunogenicity in individual cancer patients. Accumulating data suggest that differences in individual histories of microbial exposure should be taken into account during the optimisation of algorithms that predict neoantigen immunogenicity.

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Section: Microbiota As a Potential Factor That Influences T‐cell Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐existing heterologous T‐cell immunity and neoantigen immunogenicity

et al. 2020

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“…Antibiotic treatment-induced dysbiosis can have widereaching effects, for example on inflammation, infection and responses to vaccination [70][71][72]. Antibiotics have been shown to affect SCFA-producing bacteria causing a decrease in SCFA abundance [73,74].…”

Section: Effect Of Commensal Metabolites On Host Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism at the centre of the host–microbe relationship

Maslowski

2019

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Summary Maintaining homoeostatic host–microbe interactions is vital for host immune function. The gut microbiota shapes the host immune system and the immune system reciprocally shapes and modifies the gut microbiota. However, our understanding of how these microbes are tolerated and how individual, or communities of, gut microbes influence host function is limited. This review will focus on metabolites as key mediators of this complex host–microbe relationship. It will look at the central role of epithelial metabolism in shaping the gut microbiota, how microbial metabolites influence the epithelium and the mucosal and peripheral immune system, and how the immune system shapes microbial composition and metabolism. Finally, this review will look at how metabolites are involved in cross‐talk between different members of the microbiota and their role during infections.

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“…There are evidences that gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the healthy immune status maintenance. In particular, intestinal microflora and immune system are constantly shaping each other in a mutual aim to flourish and to keep the healthy individual in balance . The healthy state of the immune system in adulthood is related to the presence of a diversified microflora, which develops in early childhood thanks to a correct colonization sequence by different microorganisms.…”

Section: Classification Of Bacteria and Interaction With Disease Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, commensal bacteria are responsible for triggering several pathways involved in the regulation of the immune system . A general consensus exists that Treg cells are key mediators of immune responses, maintaining both peripheral and mucosal homeostasis . Although the primary site of differentiation is the thymus, the induction of Treg cells can occur also in the gastrointestinal tract after the production of inducing factors by dendritic cells presenting antigens derived from commensal bacteria .…”

Section: Classification Of Bacteria and Interaction With Disease Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Insights on the Interaction Between Anticancer and Immunosuppressant Drugs and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Patients

Lucafò

Franzin

Lagatolla

et al. 2019

Clinical Translational Sci

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Diseases affecting the immune system, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), are pathological conditions affecting the pediatric population and are often associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota, such as a decrease in bacterial diversity. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota can interfere with chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressant drugs, used in the treatment of these diseases, reducing or facilitating drug efficacy. In particular, the effect of intestinal microflora through translocation, immunomodulation, metabolism, enzymatic degradation, and reduction of bacterial diversity seems to be one of the reasons of interindividual variability in the therapeutic response. Although the extent of the role of intestinal microflora in chemotherapy and immunosuppression remains still unresolved, current evidence on bacterial compositional shifts will be taken in consideration together with clinical response to drugs for a better and personalized therapy. This review is focused on the effect of the intestinal microbiota on the efficacy of pharmacological therapy of agents used to treat IBD, JIA, and ALL.

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Aspects of Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Immunopathology, and Cancer

Cited by 419 publications

References 217 publications

Pre‐existing heterologous T‐cell immunity and neoantigen immunogenicity

Pre‐existing heterologous T‐cell immunity and neoantigen immunogenicity

Metabolism at the centre of the host–microbe relationship

Emerging Insights on the Interaction Between Anticancer and Immunosuppressant Drugs and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Patients

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