The Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2020 (SIMES-2020) has been launched as a joint issue of the journals “Materials” and “Applied Sciences”. The 14 contributions published in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences present cutting-edge advances in the field of Manufacturing Engineering focusing on advances and innovations in manufacturing processes; additive manufacturing and 3D printing; manufacturing of new materials; Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technologies; robotics, mechatronics and manufacturing automation; Industry 4.0; design, modeling and simulation in manufacturing engineering; manufacturing engineering and society; and production planning. Among them, the topic “Manufacturing engineering and society” collected the highest number of contributions (representing 22%), followed by the topics “Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technologies”, “Industry 4.0”, and “Design, modeling and simulation in manufacturing engineering” (each at 14%). The rest of the topics represent the remaining 35% of the contributions.