Aspects of landslide activity in the Mercantour Massif and the French Riviera, southeastern France

Julian, Maurice; Anthony, Edward J.

doi:10.1016/0169-555x(95)00075-g

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…His interpretation of the current landslide explains it as a movement being part of a greater deformation zone and linked to gravitational toppling of the variscan gneisses foliation of the slope. Julian and Anthony (1996), in agreement with Follaci et al (1988), relate this gravitational toppling, which seems to be common in the Tinee valley, to a superficial extensive tectonic activity, including a deep crustal scale N 020-030°E compressive regime (Jomard 2006). The combination of tectonic and external solicitations induces superficial stresses on slopes and crests, which affect pre-existent lineaments.…”

Section: Landslide Study Areasupporting

confidence: 73%

Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Lebourg

Hernandez²,

Jomard³

et al. 2011

Landslides

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International audienceAfter a few years of research, the observation and the analysis of the deep-seated landslides suggest that these are mainly controlled by tectonic structures, which play a dominant role in the deformation of massif slopes. The La Clapière deep-seated landslide (Argentera Mercantour massif) is embedded in a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation affecting the entire slope, and characterized by specific landforms (trenches, scarps...). Onsite, the tangential displacement direction of the trenches and the scarps are controlled by the tectonic structures. The reactivation of the inherited fault in gravitational faults create a gouge material exposed to an additional mechanical and chemical weathering as well as an increased of leaching. The displacement of these reactivated faults gets increasingly important around the area of the La Clapière landslide and this since 3.6 ka BP. In this study, mechanical analysis and grain size distributions were performed and these data were analysed according to their proximity the La Clapiere landslide and times of initiation of the landslide by 10Be dating. Triaxial test results show that the effective cohesion decreases and the effective angle of internal friction increases from the unweathered area to the weathered area. The whole distribution of the grain size indicates that the further the shear zone is open or developed, the further the residual material loses its finest particles. This paper suggests that the mechanical evolution along the reactivated fault is influenced by the leaching processes. For the first time, we can extract from these data temporal behaviour of the two main mechanical parameters (cohesion and angle of internal friction) from the beginning of the La Clapiere landslide initiation (3.6 ka BP) to now

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Section: Landslide Study Areasupporting

confidence: 73%

Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Lebourg

Hernandez²,

Jomard³

et al. 2011

Landslides

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“…He determines the shear surface as a circular failure affecting a column of rock 150 m thick. Julian and Anthony (1996) further describe a mechanism which seems to be common to the whole of the Tinée valley. Its origin would be, in agreement with Follacci et al (1988), that a neotectonic compression has affected alignments of the valley slopes and crests by inducing stress at the base of the hill slopes; such stress propagates upwards inducing a sliding movement as found in the La Clapière landslide.…”

Section: Geological and Geomorphological Analysis Of La Clapière Landmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electrical imaging of sliding geometry and fluids associated with a deep seated landslide (La Clapière, France)

Jomard

Lebourg

Guglielmi

et al. 2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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International audienceThis paper deals with the applicability of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for the recognition of large landslide structures at depths, which have never previously been imaged accurately. One of the most studied and instrumented deep landslides in Europe is taken as an example: the La Clapière landslide. The first stage of the study consisted of an accurate geological mapping taking into account a morphological analysis of gravitational deformations. This allowed a very fine definition of the landslide structure, that could be compared with three provided ERT profiles performed within the landslide body. Very good correlations were obtained for the determination of sub-horizontal structures and associated fluid circulations. It confirmed the position of the sliding surface that reached a maximum depth of 100 m. Forward computing was however necessary to determine the influence and then the presence of vertical discontinuities. It supports the use of ERT as an efficient tool for large scale landslide imaging, such as deep seated landslides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…1, the locations and velocities of the actual movements are symbolized by grey surfaces. In these areas, different kinds of deformation were described by Julian and Anthony (1996). Toppling, in the higher part of the slopes (1500-2500 m above-sea-level), where cracks and trenches move typically some mm per year (Fig.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). These valleys are characterised by continuous landslide movements (Barla and Chiriotti, 1996;Casson et al, 2003), which shaped the landscape from the post-glacial period (Julian and Anthony, 1996). The past and actual landslides in these valleys may mobilize several million cubic metres of rock.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 based on geological map described in Faure-Muret, 1955) and on the stability of the corresponding formations (are some rock deformations known in the catchment or not?). The stable/unstable classification was based on geomorphological observations and on prior slope stability studies performed in these two valleys (Forlati et al, 2001;Julian and Anthony, 1996). The "La Clapière" region and the Rosone slope are known to be a very unstable area.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of The Alpine Crystalline Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of the groundwater sulfate concentration in fractured rock slopes: a tool to identify active unstable areas

Binet

Spadini

Bertrand

et al. 2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Water chemical analysis of 100 springs from the Orco and the Tinée valleys (Western Italy and SouthernFrance) and a 7 year groundwater chemistry monitoring of the 5 main springs were performed. All these springs drain from crystalline rock slopes. Some of these drain from currently active gravitational slope deformations.All groundwaters flowing through presently unstable slopes show anomalies in the sulfate concentrations compared to stable aquifers. Particularly, an increase of sulfate concentrations was observed repeatedly after each of five consecutive landslides on the La Clapière slope, thus attesting to the mechanical deformations are at the origin of this concentration change. Significant changes in the water chemistry are produced even from slow (mm/year) and low magnitude deformations of the geological settings.Pyrite nuclei in open fractures were found to be coated by iron oxides. This suggests that the increase of dissolved sulfate relates to oxidative dissolution of Pyrite. Speciation calculations of Pyrite versus Gypsum confirmed that observed changes in the sulfate concentrations is predominantly provided from Pyrite. Calculated amounts of dissolved minerals in the springs water was obtained through inverse modelling of the major ion water analysis data. It is shown that the concentration ratio of calculated dissolved Pyrite versus calculated dissolved gneiss rock allows us to unambiguously Correspondence to: S. Binet (stephane.binet@univ-orleans.fr) distinguish water from stable and unstable areas. This result opens an interesting perspective for the follow-up of sliding or friction dynamic in landslides or in (a) seismic faults.

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Aspects of landslide activity in the Mercantour Massif and the French Riviera, southeastern France

Cited by 48 publications

References 7 publications

Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Electrical imaging of sliding geometry and fluids associated with a deep seated landslide (La Clapière, France)

Variability of the groundwater sulfate concentration in fractured rock slopes: a tool to identify active unstable areas

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