Aspects of Plasma in Water: Streamer Physics and Applications

Joshi, R. P.; Kolb, Juergen F.; Xiao, Shu; Schoenbach, K.H.

doi:10.1002/ppap.200900022

Cited by 81 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Liquid-phase plasma12345 has attracted the attention of several researchers engaged in plasma science, especially for applications involving materials and water treatment678910. The properties of liquid-phase and atmospheric plasmas differ even though liquid-phase plasma is a particular type of atmospheric plasma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Morishita

Ueno

Panomsuwan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Although solution-plasma processing enables room-temperature synthesis of nanocarbons, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the routes of solution-plasma-induced nanocarbon formation from hexane, hexadecane, cyclohexane, and benzene. The synthesis rate from benzene was the highest. However, the nanocarbons from linear molecules were more crystalline than those from ring molecules. Linear molecules decomposed into shorter olefins, whereas ring molecules were reconstructed in the plasma. In the saturated ring molecules, C–H dissociation proceeded, followed by conversion into unsaturated ring molecules. However, unsaturated ring molecules were directly polymerized through cation radicals, such as benzene radical cation, and were converted into two- and three-ring molecules at the plasma–solution interface. The nanocarbons from linear molecules were synthesized in plasma from small molecules such as C2 under heat; the obtained products were the same as those obtained via pyrolysis synthesis. Conversely, the nanocarbons obtained from ring molecules were directly synthesized through an intermediate, such as benzene radical cation, at the interface between plasma and solution, resulting in the same products as those obtained via polymerization. These two different reaction fields provide a reasonable explanation for the fastest synthesis rate observed in the case of benzene.

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confidence: 99%

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Morishita

Ueno

Panomsuwan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…pH > 2.1). The surface charge is further also affected by the specific adsorption of anions or cations present in the solution other than H + /OH¯ ions, which can induce a substantial shift in the pH 0 (referred to as IEP shift) such as, e.g., phosphate anions (ΔpH 0 = -4) or sulfates (ΔpH 0 = -2.9) for Al 2 O 3 (3,4). In this case the surface of the aluminum oxide can become negatively charged already at pH above 5.1 and 6.2 in the presence of phosphates and sulfates, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This field, together with the electronic conditions at the interface boundaries, triggers streamer launching. Phase instabilities, heating, local vaporization leading to formation of localized low-density regions, bubble creation, field-assisted molecular/dipolar dissociation, and electron transfer between metal and liquid are some of the phenomena that may play a role in the complex initiation physics [4]. In this work the role of surface chemistry at the ceramic/electrolyte interface at the electrode surface in the electrical breakdown of water using metallic rod electrodes coated by a thin layer of porous ceramic (composite electrodes) is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical breakdown of water using porous ceramic-coated electrode

Lukeš

Člupek

Babický

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids

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Electrical breakdown of water using porous ceramiccoated rod electrodes were investigated for two types of ceramics, oxide (corundum) and silicates (almandine). Properties of the ceramic layer and its interaction with the electrolyte, i.e., surface chemistry at the electrolyte/ceramic surface interface, were found as important factors in generating electrical discharges in water. The buildup of surface charge, which was determined by the polarity of the applied voltage, pH and chemical composition of aqueous solution, led to the formation of an electrical double layer at the ceramic surface. Under an externally applied electric field, this double layer becomes polarized, which affected the electric field distribution on the ceramic electrode and conditions needed for initiation of the discharge in water.

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“…This theory is described by Jadidian in [9]. This model for dielectric liquids has been previously used to explain streamer propagation mechanisms for water and liquid dielectrics in [19][20][21][22] …”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Positive Streamers in Liquid Dielectrics with and without Nanoparticles Simulated with Finite-Element Software

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In this paper, a comparison of positive streamer diffusion propagation is carried out in three configurations of oil transformers: mineral transformer oil, mineral oil with solid dielectric barriers, and a nanofluid. The results have been solved using a finite-element method with a two-dimensional (2D) axi-symmetric space dimension selected. Additionally, previous results from other research has been reviewed to compare the results obtained. As expected, it is confirmed that the nanoparticles improve the dielectric properties of the mineral oil. In addition, it is observed that the dielectric solid blocks the propagation of the streamer when it is submerged with a horizontal orientation, thus perpendicular to the applied electric field. The computer used, with four cores (each 3.4 GHz) and 16 GB of RAM, was not sufficient for performing the simulations of the models with great precision. However, with these first models, the tendency of the dielectric behavior of the oil was obtained for the three cases in which the streamer was acting through the transformer oil. The simulation of these models, in the future, in a supercomputer with a high performance in terms of RAM memory may allow us to predict, as an example, the best concentration of nanoparticles to retard the streamer inception. Finally, other dielectric issues will be predicted using these models, such as to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of the presence of dielectrics inside the oil transformer.

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Aspects of Plasma in Water: Streamer Physics and Applications

Cited by 81 publications

References 96 publications

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Electrical breakdown of water using porous ceramic-coated electrode

Comparison of Positive Streamers in Liquid Dielectrics with and without Nanoparticles Simulated with Finite-Element Software

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