Aspects of systems integration

Nilsson, Erik G.; Nordhagen, E.K.; Oftedal, G.

doi:10.1109/icsi.1990.138709

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These requirements were contrasted to other integration metrics including Mankins' ITI, the Service Interoperability Assessment Model (Fang et al 2004), the four-level scale (Nilsson et al 1990), and the IMM. It was concluded, in part, that ITI was able to factor in R&D effort and technology criticality into the assessment and it may be "that a hybrid metric that uses IRL and ITI is the solution to this situation.…”

Section: Its Weaknesses Includementioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual role of TRLs and MRLs in technology management.

Fernández¹

2010

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Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) have been used extensively from the 1970s, especially in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Their application was recommended by the General Accounting Office in 1999 to be used for major Department of Defense acquisition projects. Manufacturing Readiness Levels (MRLs) have been proposed for improving the way manufacturing risks and readiness are identified; they were introduced to the defense community in 2005, but have not been used as broadly as TRLs. Originally TRLs were used to assess the readiness of a single technology. With the emergence of more complex systems and system of systems, it has been increasingly recognized that TRLs have limitations, especially when considering integration of complex systems. Therefore, it is important to use TRLs in the correct context. Details on TRLs and MRLs are reported in this paper. More recent indices to establish a better understanding of the integrated readiness state of systems are presented. Newer readiness indices, System Readiness Levels (SRLs) and Integration Readiness Levels, are discussed and their limitations and advantages are presented, along with an example of computing SRLs. It is proposed that a modified SRL be considered that explicitly includes the MRLs and a modification of the TRLs to include the Integrated Technology Index (ITI) and/or the Advancement Degree of Difficulty index proposed by NASA. Finally, the use of indices to perform technology assessments are placed into the overall context of technology management, recognizing that factors to transition and manage technology include cost, schedule, manufacturability, integration readiness, and technology maturity. 4This page is intentionally left blank.5

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Section: Its Weaknesses Includementioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual role of TRLs and MRLs in technology management.

Fernández¹

2010

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“…While there have been some efforts to develop metrics that can be used to evaluate integration (e.g., [32]- [35]), there is a need for a metric that can be understood by all the relevant stakeholders, can evaluate integration maturity, and can be used with TRL to effectively determine a system maturity. Gove et al [36], [37] address these issues with an evaluation of [36], [37] documented integration maturity metrics (IMM) that resulted in a refined IMM entitled integration readiness level (IRL).…”

Section: System Maturity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Development Planning via System Maturity Optimization

Ramírez-Márquez

Sauser

2009

IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage.

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Abstract-Many U.S. government agencies and their contractors have subscribed to using the prescriptive metric of technology readiness level (TRL) as a measure of maturity of an individual technology, with a view toward operational use in a system context. A comprehensive set of concerns becomes relevant when this metric is abstracted from an individual technology to a system context, which may involve interplay among multiple technologies that are integrated through a system development life cycle. This paper proposes a system-focused approach for managing system development and making effective and efficient decisions during this life cycle. A system readiness level (SRL) index that incorporates both the current TRL scale and the concept of an integration readiness level is presented with methods for determining current and future readiness of a system. Using techniques in evolutionary algorithms, the SRL index is optimized based on resource allocation to provide a decision support approach that enhances managerial capabilities in the system's development life cycle. The optimization model for the SRL is then executed with a case example and resource constraints of 75%, 60%, 45%, 30%, and 15% to demonstrate how it can be used to make strategic planning decisions in the system's development life cycle. Index Terms-Integration readiness level, project monitoring and control, project planning, system readiness level, technology management, technology readiness level.

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“…start it via access to the underlying operation system. -Nisson [9] introduces a separation of integration on the user interface layer: that distinguishes the integration of "user interface parts" from the integration on the "screen handling" layer, for architectures as X Windows Scheifler and Gety [11] , [10] defends that the implementation on User Interface components (UI components) is separated from the implementation of the display and the interaction with those component parts, which is what the author calls "screen handling". So, these authors Scheifler and Gaty [11], [10] propose two different strategies of integration on the UI components and also make changes on the screen handling layer.…”

Section: A Media Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network and repository for online laboratory, based on ontology

Saliah-Hassane

Correia

Fonseca

2013

2013 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)

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-Our propose is to build a network of virtual laboratories and also use it as a global repository of online laboratory's and experiences. This set of virtual and online laboratories can be "stored" in an "virtual closet", and also the system will allow us to build new experiences and online laboratories, and store them is this "virtual closet". With the drawing of this new standard we pretend define methods for storing and retrieving learning objects for remote laboratories. The objective of this standard is also define methods for linking learning objects to design and implement smart learning environments for remote online laboratories. The objects defined by this standard are, for example, interfaces for devices connected to user computers over computers networks and the devices themselves. They are also learning scenarios or collaboration tools for communications necessary to conduct an activity of practical online laboratory work, they will allow to design and implement mechanisms that make smart learning environment formed by the ad hoc aggregation of learning objects taking always into account the pedagogical context for their use. This will allow to easy design and implement the pedagogically driven remote laboratory environment and experiments as also is learning environments. The experiences and laboratories are build using the parts and separate components that we have in a separate "virtual closet"with parts, components, and already build experiences. To build this complex network we need to find a system that supports effectively this structure. This probably will be a enormous database of v-labs and independent elements, where will be possible sometimes to "recycle" some of the elements. For this structure we propose an Ontology because it allows to "re-use" the same element several times in many experiences, and provide a very detailed description of each kind of element through is classes and sub-classes.

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Aspects of systems integration

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Contextual role of TRLs and MRLs in technology management.

Contextual role of TRLs and MRLs in technology management.

System Development Planning via System Maturity Optimization

A network and repository for online laboratory, based on ontology

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