Aspects of the biology of the bongo antelope Tragelaphus eurycerus ogilby 1837 in south west Sudan

Hillman, Jesse C.

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(86)90125-4

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the rainforest of Zaire, bongos regularly used a natural clearing for feeding (Uehara 1990), and in several other areas they were observed visiting clearings or natural licks (Hillman 1986;Hillman and Gwynne 1987;Ionides 1946;Kingdon 1982;Lydekker 1926;Stanley Price 1969). The movement pattern of bongos in the Dzanga National Park further suggests that forest areas far from the licks were used less often than forest areas close to the licks (C. Klaus-HuÈ gi, unpublished data).…”

Section: Selectivity For Species and Plant Partsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…According to Hillman (1986), the bongo ®ts best into Leuthold's (1977) non-exclusive home range category (type 1e;¯uid and open social units, females and juveniles form large groups and adult males tend to be solitary), together with the eland. Bongo groups seem to be more stable and less¯exible than eland groups (C. KlausHuÈ gi, unpublished data).…”

Section: Feeding Ecology and Social Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jarman (1974) could not unequivocally classify the bongo into one of his``ecotypes'' and treated the species in a supplemental chapter of anomalous species. The bongo forms herds of several to 50 individuals but males are often observed as solitary individuals (Dorst and Dandelot 1970;Hillman 1986;Kingdon 1982). The only study on free-ranging bongos in southern Sudan revealed that they are browsers, with up to 30% grass in their rumen; ingested plant parts were mainly leaves, with little stem, fruit or seed (Hillman and Gwynne 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding ecology of a large social antelope in the rainforest

et al. 1999

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We studied the feeding ecology of the bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) in the Dzanga National Park in the rainforest of the Central African Republic to understand better the trade-off between food selectivity, ranging behaviour and social organization of a large, forest-dwelling, social antelope. Food plants and vegetation types were registered along a 311-km route travelled by bongos. Food availability was determined by identifying and counting the plants in 19 randomly chosen forest plots. Bongos showed pronounced selectivity for 26 out of 100 woody forest species. They predominantly consumed younger leaves, which suggests that high protein and low fibre content influence plant choice. In addition to leaves, bongos also ate fruits of two and flowers of one species. Furthermore, the diet was supplemented by grasses and herbs consumed on large natural licks. Such licks were regularly visited by the bongos. According to Jarman's ecological classification of antelopes, selective browsers are relatively small and live alone or in pairs to avoid competition over food. The bongo's large size and gregariousness should not allow it to survive in the rainforest as a pure selective browser. Our data suggest that the bongo relies on the opportunity to graze in bulk which it finds on the natural licks. We hypothesize that such licks either limit the distribution of bongos in other rainforest areas or allow larger group sizes than in areas without licks.

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Section: Selectivity For Species and Plant Partsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Feeding Ecology and Social Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding ecology of a large social antelope in the rainforest

et al. 1999

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“…Hofmann (1989) classifies the bongo as a concentrate selector with slight tendencies towards intermediate, or opportunistic feeding. Studies on free-ranging bongos (Hillman, 1986;Hillman and Gwynne, 1987;Ralls, 1978;Reuther, 1964) also describe a predominance of dicotyledoneous plants, mostly their leaves, but also some seasonal grass in the diet. Contrary to most concentrate selectors, however, Hillman (1986) describes groups of females with young, and larger associations probably made up of smaller female units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Studies on free-ranging bongos (Hillman, 1986;Hillman and Gwynne, 1987;Ralls, 1978;Reuther, 1964) also describe a predominance of dicotyledoneous plants, mostly their leaves, but also some seasonal grass in the diet. Contrary to most concentrate selectors, however, Hillman (1986) describes groups of females with young, and larger associations probably made up of smaller female units. If these anecdotal observations are representative for the bongo, a fusion fission type flexible social system could result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of food distribution on behavior in captive bongos,Taurotragus euryceros: An experimental investigation

Gansloßer

Brunner

1997

Zoo Biol.

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Development of captive bongos (Tragelaphus eurycerus): Activity budgets and developmental milestones

et al. 1992

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Zoo, Los Angeles, California (J. 1. M., N. S. M.)The development of changes in visual orientation, posture, activity budgets, and behavioral milestones was examined in five bongo calves which were observed from birth to 4 or 6 months of age. The only significant change in the calves' visual orientation was an increase in orientation to food. Reclining declined significantly over weeks, while standing increased and moving did not change. Overall, stationary behaviors dominated the activity budget, but decreased significantly over the study. The category that included locomotion, object exploration, and auto-play did not change, while forage and rumination increased significantly. Contrary to expectation, the decline in suckling was not significant. Affiliative interactions with the dam decreased significantly during the study, but increases in affiliation with other bongos were not significant. Levels of agonistic behavior between the calves and their dams and other herd members were low throughout the study, and did not change significantly. One female calf achieved several developmental milestones later than the others. It is suggested that these differences may have been influenced by the dominance status of her dam. The results conform to the general developmental pattern of "hider" bovids. Bongos, however, show somewhat different patterns of social development than eland, which are reported to be more precocial in expression of aggressive and sexual behaviors. 0 1992 Wiky-Liss, Inc.

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Aspects of the biology of the bongo antelope Tragelaphus eurycerus ogilby 1837 in south west Sudan

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Feeding ecology of a large social antelope in the rainforest

Feeding ecology of a large social antelope in the rainforest

Influence of food distribution on behavior in captive bongos,Taurotragus euryceros: An experimental investigation

Development of captive bongos (Tragelaphus eurycerus): Activity budgets and developmental milestones

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