Aspects of Urinary Oestrogen Excretion during the Ovarian Cycle and Pregnancy in Goeldi’s Monkey, Callimico goeldii

Carroll, J. B.; Abbott, DH; George, Lynne M.; Martín, Robert D.

doi:10.1159/000156399

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

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Reproductive adaptations to a large‐brained fetus open a vulnerability to anovulation similar to polycystic ovary syndrome

Barnett

Abbott

2003

American J Hum Biol

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During the ovarian or menstrual cycle, prior to ovulation, many female primates exhibit a relatively prolonged follicular phase and terminate the postovulatory luteal phase with menstrual bleeding. The prolonged follicular phase is a trait that distinguishes primate from nonprimate species. It enables extended estrogen-induced proliferation and growth of the uterine endometrium prior to progesterone-induced maturation during the luteal phase to accommodate a potential pregnancy with a rapidly invading placenta. Progressive development of both an extended duration of estrogen-induced, preimplantation endometrial proliferation and a rapidly invading placenta across the Primate order may well have been necessary to accommodate differentiation and growth of an increasingly large fetal brain. Prolongation of the follicular phase in primates has also led to the isolation of the final stages of follicle selection (growth deviation of the dominant follicle from its contemporaries) solely within the follicular phase and thus outside the protection of luteal phase progesterone inhibition of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Such primate reproductive characteristics put the latter stages of ovarian follicle selection at risk of exposure to excessive pituitary secretion of LH. Excessive secretion of LH during follicle selection could result not only in impaired follicle development, excessive ovarian androgen secretion, and ovulation failure, but also in excessive estrogenic stimulation of the uterine endometrium without intervening menstrual periods. Such reproductive abnormalities are all found in a single, prevalent infertility syndrome afflicting women in their reproductive years: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We propose that successful female reproductive adaptations to accommodate the growth demands of large-brained primate fetuses have facilitated a particular vulnerability of higher primates to hypergonadotropic disruption of ovulatory function, as found in PCOS.

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Reproductive adaptations to a large‐brained fetus open a vulnerability to anovulation similar to polycystic ovary syndrome

Barnett

Abbott

2003

American J Hum Biol

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Non‐invasive detection and monitoring of pregnancy and the postpartum period in goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) using urinary pregnanediol‐3α‐glucuronide

Jurke

Pryce

Döbeli

et al. 1994

American J Primatol

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Pregnanediol‐3α‐glucuronide (PdG) was measured in the urine of six Goeldi's monkeys during pregnancy and the postpartum period. A stress‐free, non‐invasive urine sampling technique permitted frequent collection of urine from members of the breeding group. A comparison of the periovulatory profiles of PdG and estrone conjugates revealed close agreement. The day of ovulation was defined as that immediately preceding a 2‐4 day period with two consecutive urine samples for which the PdG content was in excess of 0.20 μg/mg Cr and 0.40 μg/mg Cr, respectively. In urine samples collected from parturition to the next ovulation, 70.9% of the PdG‐values were below 0.20 μg/mg Cr, whereas 99.2% of the urinary PdG concentrations measured during pregnancy were greater than this “threshold concentration”. A conception cycle was therefore defined as one in which the concentration of urinary PdG remained above 0.20 μg/mg Cr in all urine samples collected between day 1 and day 20 after ovulation. Gestation length was 151.5 ± 1.6 days (mean ± SEM, n = 6; range 147‐157 days). The postpartum ovulation occurred 22.6 ± 4.7 days (mean ± SEM, n = 9; range 11‐53 days) following birth. With the exception of two non‐conception postpartum cycles observed in one female, with inter‐ovulatory intervals of 26 and 27 days, postpartum ovulation resulted in conception, giving a 77.8% conception rate for nine observed cycles. The simple and rapid radioimmunoassay used in this study requires 5 h from urine collection to the final result, hence permitting daily monitoring of a large sample of females. It thus has important potential for conservation breeding programs and for other scientific investigations carried out with this endangered primate species. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Life span, reproductive output, and reproductive opportunity in captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii)

Nuss

Warneke

2009

Zoo Biology

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In the absence of long-term field studies, demographic and reproductive records from animals housed in zoos and research laboratories are a valuable tool for the study of life history variables relating to reproduction. In this study, we analyzed studbook records of more than 2,000 individuals born over a 40-year period (1965-2004) to describe life history patterns of captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii) housed in North America and Europe. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis methods, we found the mean life span to be 5.5 years. The rate of infant mortality, defined as death before 30 days, was approximately 30%, with European animals being more likely to survive infancy than North American animals. When individuals surviving at least 1.5 years are considered, lifetime reproductive output averaged 3.5 offspring, yet more than one-third of individuals did not produce any offspring. Using a smaller dataset of individuals with known pairing histories, we developed a measure of opportunity for reproduction (OFR), which represented the total time an individual was known to be housed with a potential mate. For both sexes, we found that the correlation between OFR and number of offspring produced was much higher than the correlation between life span and number of offspring produced. This result highlights the importance of taking into account an individual's OFR. As a whole, our findings help characterize the life histories of captive Goeldi's monkeys and emphasize the impact management practices may have on reproductive success.

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Aspects of Urinary Oestrogen Excretion during the Ovarian Cycle and Pregnancy in Goeldi’s Monkey, Callimico goeldii

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Reproductive adaptations to a large‐brained fetus open a vulnerability to anovulation similar to polycystic ovary syndrome

Reproductive adaptations to a large‐brained fetus open a vulnerability to anovulation similar to polycystic ovary syndrome

Non‐invasive detection and monitoring of pregnancy and the postpartum period in goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) using urinary pregnanediol‐3α‐glucuronide

Life span, reproductive output, and reproductive opportunity in captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii)

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