Aspergillose bronchopulmonaire allergique aggravée par la consommation de cannabis

Kouevidjin, G; Fayas, S; Didier, Anne

doi:10.1016/s0335-7457(03)00050-9

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There have been two reported cases of ABPA associated with mouldy marijuana 7,8. Given the frequency of asthma and ABPA, and the high frequency of marijuana usage amongst young people, these cases may represent a tiny proportion of those affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Many Mouldy Joints – Marijuana and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Gargani¹,

Bishop²,

Denning³

2011

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Many Mouldy Joints – Marijuana and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Gargani¹,

Bishop²,

Denning³

2011

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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“…Aspergillus fumigatus is a common species associated with aspergillosis in cannabis users ( Table 2 ). It was also cultured from the cannabis products used by patients with aspergillosis ( Kagen et al, 1983 ; Kouevidjin et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Potential Health Hazards Of Fungal Contaminants In Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal and mycotoxin contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers: implications for consumer health and directions for further research

Gwinn,

Leung,

Stephens

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Medicinal and recreational uses of Cannabis sativa, commonly known as cannabis or hemp, has increased following its legalization in certain regions of the world. Cannabis and hemp plants interact with a community of microbes (i.e., the phytobiome), which can influence various aspects of the host plant. The fungal composition of the C. sativa phytobiome (i.e., mycobiome) currently consists of over 100 species of fungi, which includes phytopathogens, epiphytes, and endophytes, This mycobiome has often been understudied in research aimed at evaluating the safety of cannabis products for humans. Medical research has historically focused instead on substance use and medicinal uses of the plant. Because several components of the mycobiome are reported to produce toxic secondary metabolites (i.e., mycotoxins) that can potentially affect the health of humans and animals and initiate opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, there is a need to determine the potential health risks that these contaminants could pose for consumers. This review discusses the mycobiome of cannabis and hemp flowers with a focus on plant-infecting and toxigenic fungi that are most commonly found and are of potential concern (e.g., Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Mucor spp.). We review current regulations for molds and mycotoxins worldwide and review assessment methods including culture-based assays, liquid chromatography, immuno-based technologies, and emerging technologies for these contaminants. We also discuss approaches to reduce fungal contaminants on cannabis and hemp and identify future research needs for contaminant detection, data dissemination, and management approaches. These approaches are designed to yield safer products for all consumers.

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“…When harmful microbes or fungal spores are inhaled during e.g., vaporizing or smoking, they may directly enter the bloodstream and cause opportunistic infections. Such contamination risks are not merely hypothetical: cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis associated with smoking unsafe cannabis are well established in the scientific literature (Llamas et al, 1978; Sutton et al, 1986; Marks et al, 1996; Szyper-Kravitz et al, 2001; Kouevidjin et al, 2003; Cescon et al, 2008; Bal et al, 2010; Ruchlemer et al, 2015). For those with compromised immune systems, such lung diseases could be even fatal (Hamadeh et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Gamma-Irradiation for Decontamination of Medicinal Cannabis

Hazekamp¹

2016

Front. Pharmacol.

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In several countries with a National medicinal cannabis program, pharmaceutical regulations specify that herbal cannabis products must adhere to strict safety standards regarding microbial contamination. Treatment by gamma irradiation currently seems the only method available to meet these requirements. We evaluated the effects of irradiation treatment of four different cannabis varieties covering different chemical compositions. Samples were compared before and after standard gamma-irradiation treatment by performing quantitative UPLC analysis of major cannabinoids, as well as qualitative GC analysis of full cannabinoid and terpene profiles. In addition, water content and microscopic appearance of the cannabis flowers was evaluated. This study found that treatment did not cause changes in the content of THC and CBD, generally considered as the most important therapeutically active components of medicinal cannabis. Likewise, the water content and the microscopic structure of the dried cannabis flowers were not altered by standard irradiation protocol in the cannabis varieties studied. The effect of gamma-irradiation was limited to a reduction of some terpenes present in the cannabis, but keeping the terpene profile qualitatively the same. Based on the results presented in this report, gamma irradiation of herbal cannabis remains the recommended method of decontamination, at least until other more generally accepted methods have been developed and validated.

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Aspergillose bronchopulmonaire allergique aggravée par la consommation de cannabis

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Too Many Mouldy Joints – Marijuana and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Too Many Mouldy Joints – Marijuana and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Fungal and mycotoxin contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers: implications for consumer health and directions for further research

Evaluating the Effects of Gamma-Irradiation for Decontamination of Medicinal Cannabis

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