Aspergillus fumigatus and Related Species

Sugui, Janyce A.; Kwon‐Chung, Kyung J.; Juvvadi, Praveen R.; Latgé, Jean‐Paul; Steinbach, William J.

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a019786

Cited by 209 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…A. fumigatus adaptations to stresses experienced within the human host are a prerequisite for the survival and virulence strategies of the pathogen (Brown & Goldman, ). There is a general consensus that aspergillosis is a multifactorial disease with several phenotypes influencing the final outcome of the disease establishment (Tekaia & Latgé, ; Hartmann et al, ; Sugui, Kwon‐Chung, Juvvadi, Latgé, & Steinbach, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakA^HOG1and MpkC dependent

Silva

Castro

Reis

et al. 2016

Cellular Microbiology

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Invasive aspergillosis is predominantly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, and adaptations to stresses experienced within the human host are a prerequisite for the survival and virulence strategies of the pathogen. The central signal transduction pathway operating during hyperosmotic stress is the high osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. A. fumigatus MpkC and SakA, orthologues of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hog1p, constitute the primary regulator of the hyperosmotic stress response. We compared A. fumigatus wild-type transcriptional response to osmotic stress with the ΔmpkC, ΔsakA, and ΔmpkC ΔsakA strains. Our results strongly indicate that MpkC and SakA have independent and collaborative functions during the transcriptional response to transient osmotic stress. We have identified and characterized null mutants for four A. fumigatus basic leucine zipper proteins transcription factors. The atfA and atfB have comparable expression levels with the wild-type in ΔmpkC but are repressed in ΔsakA and ΔmpkC ΔsakA post-osmotic stress. The atfC and atfD have reduced expression levels in all mutants post-osmotic stress. The atfA-D null mutants displayed several phenotypes related to osmotic, oxidative, and cell wall stresses. The ΔatfA and ΔatfB were shown to be avirulent and to have attenuated virulence, respectively, in both Galleria mellonella and a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakA^HOG1and MpkC dependent

Silva

Castro

Reis

et al. 2016

Cellular Microbiology

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“…Aspergillus is a ubiquitous conidial fungus whose spores are universally inhaled and ingested . In healthy humans, the innate and cellular immune systems prevent penetration of germinating spores through the alveolar epithelium, and block infection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In healthy humans, the innate and cellular immune systems prevent penetration of germinating spores through the alveolar epithelium, and block infection . However, in immunocompromised patients, Aspergillus , most commonly A fumigatus , can cause a spectrum of acute and chronic respiratory conditions, and in its most aggressive form, invasive aspergillosis (IA) can lead to widespread infection and death . Similarly, although mammals are normally resistant to aspergillosis, reports in dogs, cats, horses, cows, marine mammals, and nonhuman primates exist .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current status of avian aspergillosis diagnoses: Veterinary practice to novel research avenues

Savelieff¹,

Pappalardo

Azmanis

2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Aspergillus fungal infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in birds that can, in part, be attributed to the lack of a diagnostic "gold standard" for Aspergillus infection, and which delays the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of avian patients. At present, none of the available methods in veterinary care can detect aspergillosis early enough and with the accuracy, precision, and specificity required of an ideal diagnostic tool. Therefore, researching methods of Aspergillus detection is still an active area of inquiry, and novel techniques continue to emerge. This review will provide a brief overview of current clinical methods, with an emphasis on avian care, in addition to a series of techniques in development that could offer distinct advantages over existing methods.

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“…After an early report of disseminated aspergillosis by Rankin in 1953 [102], subsequent years showed an increase in incidence of IA, particularly in individuals with some type of immunosuppression, such as malignancies, AIDS, solid organ transplantation and immunosuppressive treatment [104][105][106].…”

Section: Aspergillosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

Melo¹,

Scorzoni²,

Rossi³

et al. 2017

J Biotechnol Biomater

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Fungal diseases have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi have evolved an array of virulence factors to survive within the host and to outwit immune defenses. Fungi may cause a wide range of diseases in humans that range in extent from superficial to disseminated infections. Generally, the site of infections classifies the type of fungal disease, which can be divided into superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic. In addition, the fungal virulence factors determine whether the infection will become established in the host. A primary pathogen may infect an immunologically normal host, whereas, an opportunistic pathogen requires some compromise of the host immune defenses in order for the infection to become established. This article covers the main fungi that are responsible for the increase of the fungal infections.Keywords: Fungal infections; Virulence; Yeast; Opportunistic infections; Endemic mycosis Fungal InfectionsFungal diseases have changed constantly in the last years. The virulence of these microorganisms has been adapted according to the human host, promoting a range of clinical manifestation. Several are the ways by which fungi promote a disease depending on human body part involved by the microorganism and the immunologic system of the host [1].In this review, we discuss the main fungal pathogens responsible for causing several diseases, highlighting on their virulence associate to clinical manifestation and the difficulty to accomplish the treatment. Superficial and cutaneous fungal diseasesSuperficial and cutaneous fungal infections are very common and occur worldwide affecting millions of people, especially immunocompromised patients. The most common types of these infections are dermatophytosis (tinea or ringworm), pityriasis versicolor (formerly tinea versicolor) and candidiasis (moniliasis). These occur by fungal invasion into the skin, keratinized tissues and mucous membranes [2]. Trichosporon and Fusarium species also cause superficial fungal infection, but also may be considered an invasive pathogen that may cause a systemic infection [3,4].Dermatophytosis: Dermatophytes are fungi that invade keratinized structures of humans and animals producing a condition called dermatophytosis or, more commonly, tinea [5,6]. These fungi belong to three main genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, of these T. rubrum is the most prevalent species worldwide [7,8]. The mechanisms of pathogenicity of these fungi are not yet well understood. There are several studies focusing on keratinolytic proteases (keratinases) produced by dermatophytes, but it is not known how these fungi regulate the use of these proteases to obtain nutrients from the stratum corneum substrate they invade, and whether there are additional roles of these proteins in adhesion and immunomodulation [9].To establish the infection, the contact of arthroconidia or hyphal fragmens with the host skin is essential. The fungi express spe...

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Aspergillus fumigatus and Related Species

Cited by 209 publications

References 147 publications

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakA^HOG1and MpkC dependent

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakA^HOG1and MpkC dependent

The current status of avian aspergillosis diagnoses: Veterinary practice to novel research avenues

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

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Aspergillus fumigatus and Related Species

Cited by 209 publications

References 147 publications

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakAHOG1and MpkC dependent

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakAHOG1and MpkC dependent

The current status of avian aspergillosis diagnoses: Veterinary practice to novel research avenues

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

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Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakA^HOG1and MpkC dependent

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis ofAspergillus fumigatusexposed to osmotic stress reveals regulators of osmotic and cell wall stresses that are SakA^HOG1and MpkC dependent