Aspergillus fumigatus-Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Efficiency, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity Against Different Human Pathogens

Abstract

The misuse of antibiotics is one of the primary causes of the rapidly expanding problem of multidrug resistance. Fungi are responsible for the production of a variety of potent metabolites (Akhtar, et al., 2019). Formation of nanoparticles of silver (AgNPs) is a simple non-toxic, and environmentally friendly method of the preparation and development of nanoparticles. Which considered a crucial step in nanotechnology. Producing AgNPs from Aspergillus fumigatus samples involved the use of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (Al-Abdullah, et al., 2023). The effect of synthesized AgNPs and crude extract on several bacterial pathogens was observed. Both fungal crude extract and (AgNPs) showed the greatest antibacterial efficacy against bacterial isolates. The ethyl acetate crude extract showed the highest possible antibacterial activity, according to the reports against E. coli was seen at 16 mm at a 50µl concentration (12mg/1ml DMSO). Conversely ethyl crude extract has the least antibacterial action against S.typhi at 50µl concentration was (14mm) (Bala, M., et al., 2013). The maximum activity of the ethyl acetate crude extract was observed against E. coli at 100 µl, which showed a zone of inhibition measuring 21 mm, while an inhibition zone of 18 mm was observed against S.typhi. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 432 nm was found during UV-visible spectroscopy, confirming the production of AgNPs (Guilger, et al., 2019). The spherical shape of AgNPs was seen in the SEM micrograph. The reduction of Ag+ ions into AgNPs was largely mediated by phenolic, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, according to the results of FTIR investigation (Farjana, et al., 2014). The stabilization of AgNPs was accomplished through amino acid linkage. The produced peak of AgNPs' XRD revealed information about their nature, including their phase purity, size, and internal crystalline structure (Pena et al., 2010). It is possible that the pharmaceutical and medical fields will find a great use for the AgNPs that are produced from the extract of Aspergillus fumigatus. Silver AgNPs and crude extract Aspergillus fumigatus enhance antibacterial activity, outlining their potential in future research.