Aspergillus in Biomedical Research

Mikawlrawng, Khaling

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63505-1.00019-1

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…The TPC and TFC of SILF were reported as 3.8 mg GAE/g DW and 1.7 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g DW, respectively [ 120 ], while the TPC and TFC for S. melongena were only reported for the skin and pulp separately. Glucose is a product from the hydrolysis of starch [ 136 ], which is catalyzed by the enzymes α-amylase found in saliva and pancreatic juices, and α-glucosidase found in the epithelium of the small intestine [ 137 ]. Hence, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors slow the digestion of starch in the small intestine, which decreases the amount of glucose entering the bloodstream leading to an improved insulin response [ 138 ].…”

Section: Solanum Anguivi Lam Fruit’s Antidiabementioning

confidence: 99%

Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis associated with a status of insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals with potential antidiabetic effects may prevent T2DM and/or support a conservative T2DM treatment while being safer and more affordable for people from low-income countries. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) have been suggested to exhibit antidiabetic properties, potentially due to the presence of various phytochemicals, including saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. For the saponin fraction, antidiabetic effects have already been reported. However, it remains unclear whether this is also true for the other phytochemicals present in SALF. This review article covers information on glucose homeostasis, T2DM pathogenesis, and also the potential antidiabetic effects of phytochemicals present in SALF, including their potential mechanisms of action.

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Section: Solanum Anguivi Lam Fruit’s Antidiabementioning

confidence: 99%

Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

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“…α-Amylases are among the most important industrial enzymes and account for approximately a quarter of the enzyme market [5]. Although α-amylases are universally distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms, microbial α-amylases have attracted particular attention because of their wide applications in starch saccharification, baking, brewing, laundry, and textiles, as well as in the pharmaceutical industries [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Extremely Halophilic, Calcium-Independent and Surfactant-Resistant Alpha-Amylase from Alkalibacterium sp. SL3

Wang

Luo

Lin

et al. 2019

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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A new α-amylase-encoding gene (amySL3) of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 was identified in soda lake isolate Alkalibacterium sp. SL3. The deduced AmySL3 shares high identities (82-98%) with putative α-amylases from the genus Alkalibacterium, but has low identities (<53%) with functionally characterized counterparts. amySL3 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme (rAmySL3) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The optimal temperature and pH of the activity of the purified rAmySL3 were determined to be 45°C and pH 7.5, respectively. rAmySL3 was found to be extremely halophilic, showing maximal enzyme activity at a nearly saturated concentration of NaCl. Its thermostability was greatly enhanced in the presence of 4 M NaCl, and it was highly stable in 5 M NaCl. Moreover, the enzyme did not require calcium ions for activity, and was strongly resistant to a range of surfactants and hydrophobic organic solvents. The major hydrolysis products of rAmySL3 from soluble starch were maltobiose and maltotriose. The high ratio of acidic amino acids and highly negative electrostatic potential surface might account for the halophilic nature of AmySL3. The extremely halophilic, calcium-independent, and surfactant-resistant properties make AmySL3 a promising candidate enzyme for both basic research and industrial applications.

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“…Table 2 Enzymatic synthesis of flavonoid-and stilbenoid glycosides (Thuan & Sohng, 2013). enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the internal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch, converting starch into low-molecular-weight products such as glucose, maltose, and maltotriose units (Mikawlrawng, 2016).…”

Section: Glycoside and Tranglycosylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of fisetin glycosides by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from paenibacillus sp. Rb01

Lorthongpanich

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Fisetin is a flavonoid which was widely exerted in pharmacological industries. However, fisetin has low water solubility and unstable in aqueous solution. So the uses of fisetin have been limited. The purpose of this study was to increase water solubility of fisetin by transglycosylation reaction using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) from Paenibacillus sp. RB01. The reaction had to perform in co-organic solvent system and DMSO at 40% (v/v) was proved to be the most suitable co-organic solvent since it provided the high enzyme stability and high production yield. Moreover, the types of glycosyl donor were also determined and ?-cyclodextrin was found to be an appropriate glycosyl donor. The effects of fisetin, ?-cyclodextrin, and enzyme concentration and incubation time on the fisetin glycoside synthesis were also determined. It was found that the optimum condition was to incubate 0.25% (w/v) of fisetin and 1.0% (w/v) of ?-CD with 200 U/mL of CGTase at 40?C for 24 hours. Under optimum condition, the percent conversion of fisetin (17.1% ? 4.21%) was significantly increased when compared to that of non-optimized condition (10.1% ? 1.15%). HPLC analysis showed that at least 5 fisetin glycosides were synthesized by CGTase. Structural analysis by glucoamylase and ?-glucosidase revealed that fisetin linked with glucose through alpha-glycosidic bonds, while glucose molecules joined together by ?-1, 4 glycosidic bond. The obtained fisetin glycoside products were purified by n-butyl acetate extraction and further refined by HPLC. LC-MS/MS revealed that CGTase synthesized two types of fisetin monoglucosides (m/z of 447), two types of fisetin diglucosides (m/z of 609) and one type of fisetin triglucoside (m/z of 771). Fragmentation patterns suggested two possible structures of fisetin monoglucoside products. The water solubility of three purified products were investigated. It was found that water solubility of fisetin glycosides increased at least 500 times higher than the parent fisetin. DPPH assay showed that the antioxidant activity of synthesized fisetin glycosides was not different when compared with fisetin.

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Aspergillus in Biomedical Research

Cited by 11 publications

References 146 publications

Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A New Extremely Halophilic, Calcium-Independent and Surfactant-Resistant Alpha-Amylase from Alkalibacterium sp. SL3

Synthesis of fisetin glycosides by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from paenibacillus sp. Rb01

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