Aspergillus terreus IFM 65899-THP-1 cells interaction triggers production of the natural product butyrolactone Ia, an immune suppressive compound

Abstract

We focused on the possibility that pathogenic microorganisms might produce immune suppressors to evade the action of immune cells. Based on this possibility, we have recently developed new co-culture method of pathogenic actinomyces and immune cells, however, the interaction mechanism between pathogens and cells was still unclear. In this report, co-culturing pathogenic fungi and immune cells were investigated. Pathogenic fungus Aspergillus terreus IFM 65899 and THP-1 cells were co-cultured and isolated a co-culture specific compound, butyrolactone Ia ( 1 ). 1 inhibits the production of nitric oxide by RAW264 cells and exhibits regulatory effects on autophagy, suggesting 1 plays a defensive role in the response of A. terreus IFM 65899 to immune cells. Furthermore, dialysis experiments and micrographs indicated that “physical interaction” between A. terreus IFM 65899 and THP-1 cells may be required for the production of 1 . This is the first report of co-culture method of fungi with immune cells and its interaction mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-79837-7.