Aspirin and its pleiotropic application

Hybiak, Jolanta; Broniarek, Izabela; Kiryczyński, Gerard; Los, Laura.D.; Rosik, Jakub; Machaj, Filip; Sławiński, Hubert; Jankowska, Kornelia; Urasińska, Elżbieta

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172762

Cited by 87 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE), such as cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarctions, is related to many factors that are also risk factors for dementia, including age and cardiovascular disease [4]. The use of aspirin to prevent MACE is well-established, with a reduction of about 25% in MACE regardless of baseline risk, making it a valuable tool in preventing such events in people at a high risk of MACE [5,6], but for people at a lower risk, the incidence of adverse events may negate any potential benefits [5,7], with risks such as gastric irritation [8] and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) [9]. Studies specifically looking at older people at a low or medium risk of MACE have failed to show a consistent benefit of aspirin and have shown harm [10,11], but these studies excluded participants with dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-mortem examination of people who have died of dementia in old age typically finds both vascular and inflammatory lesions, regardless of clinical subtype allocated in life [12]. As aspirin is anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic, [6], it has been suggested that it may be useful in preventing or treating such lesions, but large trials and reviews of observational studies suggest that aspirin does not prevent dementia [13,14] nor slow dementia labelled as Alzheimer's disease type (AD) [15], while there is insufficient evidence on aspirin's effect on progression of vascular dementia [6,16]. There is no available evidence for other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or other anti-platelet drugs preventing or treating dementia [15,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspirin in people with dementia, long-term benefits, and harms: a systematic review

Davis

Bishara

Molokhia

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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Purpose People with dementia may have indications for aspirin prescription and clinicians are asked to balance the potential risks against benefits. This review examines the evidence for the risk and benefit of long-term aspirin use in people with dementia aged over 65 years, including randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Methods We searched three databases for research published between 2007 and 2020. Each eligible article was assessed for risk of bias, and confidence in findings was rated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results Four papers met inclusion criteria: one randomised controlled trial, two cohort studies, and one with pooled data. All looked only at dementia of Alzheimer’s type, and none addressed myocardial or cerebral infarction as outcomes. Dementia progression was reported by two studies, with conflicting results. The trial found no significant effect of aspirin on mortality (odds ratio aspirin vs. no aspirin 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.58–1.97) but found more events of severe bleeding with aspirin (OR aspirin vs. no aspirin 6.9, 1.5–31.2). An excess in intracranial haemorrhage in the aspirin group was judged plausible based on two non-randomised studies. Conclusions The review findings are limited because studies include only people with Alzheimer’s-type dementia and lack confirmatory studies, although an increased risk of bleeding events is recognised. Further research that addresses the benefits and risks of aspirin in more representative groups of people with dementia is needed to guide prescribing decisions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin in people with dementia, long-term benefits, and harms: a systematic review

Davis

Bishara

Molokhia

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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“…The lung weight decreased compared with the model group after treatment with HYW, suggesting that HYW can effectively inhibit the metastasis of LLC cells. As one of the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin has antiplatelet effects [ 24 ], promotes fibrinolysis [ 25 ], and reduces the risks of cancer [ 26 ]. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the inhibition of LLC cell metastasis by aspirin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huayu Wan Prevents Lewis Lung Cancer Metastasis in Mice via the Platelet Pathway

Sun

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. To study the mechanism of Huayu Wan on the metastasis of Lewis lung cancer in mice via the platelet pathway. Method. Construction of the lung metastasis model by injection of Lewis cells through the tail vein. The next day, 72 mice were randomly divided into the Huayu Wan group (HYW), the aspirin group, the control group, and the normal group . Treatment was given for 5 days per week for a total of 16 days. The size and distribution of lung metastases were observed. Thromboelastography was used to detect platelet function, flow cytometry was used to analyze platelet activation, and ELISA was used to detect platelet tumor metastasis-related factor expression. Result. Lung weight in the control group was significantly higher than that in the HYW group P<0.05. The distribution of lung metastases in the control group was obviously more than that in the HYW group. The thromboelastogram showed that the R value of the control group was significantly lower than the normal group, while the R values of the HYW and aspirin groups were higher than the control group P<0.05. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the expression of CD62P in platelet-rich plasma in the control group was significantly higher than that in the normal group, while the expression of CD62P in the HYW and aspirin groups was lower than that in the control group P<0.05. In addition, ELISA showed that the expression of VEGF, bFGF, and CD62P in serum of the HYW group was significantly decreased than the control group P<0.05, and the expression of VEGF and bFGF in serum of the aspirin group was significantly decreased than the control group P<0.05. Conclusion. The mechanism of Huayu Wan inhibiting the metastasis of lung cancer in mice may be related to the improvement of blood hypercoagulability, the inhibition of platelet activation, and the expression of VEGF, bFGF, and CD62P.

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“…Consequently, expert recommendations for using aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular events differ substantially, reflecting uncertainty of the benefit/risk ratio in the choice of treatment strategies for at‐risk patients. There is now a consensus among clinical guidelines that the prescription of aspirin for primary prevention should be highly personalized and based on an evaluation of the given patient's benefit/risk ratio 106,107 …”

Section: Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing drugs to fight aging: The difficult path from bench to bedside

Vaiserman

Koliada

Lushchak

et al. 2020

Medicinal Research Reviews

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The steady rise in life expectancy occurred across all developed countries during the last century. This demographic trend is, however, not accompanied by the same healthspan extension. This is since aging is the main risk factor for all age‐associated pathological conditions. Therefore, slowing the rate of aging is suggested to be more efficient in preventing or delaying age‐related diseases than treat them one by one, which is the common approach in a current pharmacological disease‐oriented paradigm. To date, a variety of medications designed to treat particular pathological conditions have been shown to exhibit pro‐longevity effects in different experimental models. Among them, there are many commonly used prescription and over‐the‐counter pharmaceuticals such as metformin, rapamycin, aspirin, statins, melatonin, vitamin antioxidants, etc. All of them are being increasingly investigated in preclinical and clinical trials with the aim of determine whether they have potential for extension of human healthspan. The results from these trials are frequently inconclusive and fall short of initial expectations, suggesting that innovative research ideas and additional translational steps are required to overcome obstacles for implementation of such approaches in clinical practice. In this review, recent advances and challenges in the field of repurposing widely used conventional pharmaceuticals to target the aging process are summarized and discussed.

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Aspirin and its pleiotropic application

Cited by 87 publications

References 109 publications

Aspirin in people with dementia, long-term benefits, and harms: a systematic review

Aspirin in people with dementia, long-term benefits, and harms: a systematic review

Huayu Wan Prevents Lewis Lung Cancer Metastasis in Mice via the Platelet Pathway

Repurposing drugs to fight aging: The difficult path from bench to bedside

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