Aspirin and NSAIDs for breast cancer chemoprevention

Yiannakopoulou, Eugenia

doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000098

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For instance, one postulated inflammation-related mechanism for breast cancer is upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and its product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE), which results in increased aromatase expression in adipose tissue and increased conversion of androgen precursors to estrogens [77,78]. In this regard, the use of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been associated with a reduced risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC incidence or recurrence [79,80,81,82,83,84,85]. …”

Section: Functional Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with the Microbiota

Fernández

Reina-Pérez

Astorga

et al. 2018

IJERPH

266

197

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The microorganisms that live symbiotically in human beings are increasingly recognized as important players in health and disease. The largest collection of these microorganisms is found in the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial composition reflects both genetic and lifestyle variables of the host. This microbiota is in a dynamic balance with the host, exerting local and distant effects. Microbial perturbation (dysbiosis) could contribute to the risk of developing health problems. Various bacterial genes capable of producing estrogen-metabolizing enzymes have been identified. Accordingly, gut microbiota is capable of modulating estrogen serum levels. Conversely, estrogen-like compounds may promote the proliferation of certain species of bacteria. Therefore, a crosstalk between microbiota and both endogenous hormones and estrogen-like compounds might synergize to provide protection from disease but also to increase the risk of developing hormone-related diseases. Recent research suggests that the microbiota of women with breast cancer differs from that of healthy women, indicating that certain bacteria may be associated with cancer development and with different responses to therapy. In this review, we discuss recent knowledge about the microbiome and breast cancer, identifying specific characteristics of the human microbiome that may serve to develop novel approaches for risk assessment, prevention and treatment for this disease.

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Section: Functional Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with the Microbiota

Fernández

Reina-Pérez

Astorga

et al. 2018

IJERPH

266

197

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show abstract

“…But the exact mechanisms of aspirin that exert its anti-tumor effect are yet to be elucidated [21, 26]. Studies have reported that aspirin and its primary metabolite salicylic acid both have the ability to decrease the mRNA and protein levels of c-myc in human colon cancer cell lines, which might be one of the mechanisms for the antineoplastic activity [27, 28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin regulation of c-myc and cyclinD1 proteins to overcome tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells

et al. 2017

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Tamoxifen is still the most commonly used endocrine therapy drug for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients and has an excellent outcome, but tamoxifen resistance remains a great impediment to successful treatment. Recent studies have prompted an anti-tumor effect of aspirin. Here, we demonstrated that aspirin not only inhibits the growth of ER-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7, especially when combined with tamoxifen, but also has a potential function to overcome tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7/TAM. Aspirin combined with tamoxifen can down regulate cyclinD1 and block cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Besides, tamoxifen alone represses c-myc, progesterone receptor (PR) and cyclinD1 in MCF-7 cell line but not in MCF-7/TAM, while aspirin combined with tamoxifen can inhibit the expression of these proteins in the resistant cell line. When knocking down c-myc in MCF-7/TAM, cells become more sensitive to tamoxifen, cell cycle is blocked as well, indicating that aspirin can regulate c-myc and cyclinD1 proteins to overcome tamoxifen resistance. Our study discovered a novel role of aspirin based on its anti-tumor effect, and put forward some kinds of possible mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells, providing a new strategy for the treatment of ER-positive breast carcinoma.

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“…Inactivating COX‐2, that has been found to be overexpressed in breast cancer tissue when compared to normal tissue, may reduce the downstream synthesis of pro‐inflammatory prostaglandins (PG), particularly PGE 2 , a potent mitogen. This reduction results in inhibition of angiogenesis, proliferation and in the promotion of apoptosis . There is also accumulating evidence that the inhibition of COX‐2 and PGE 2 is associated with the suppression of estrogen synthesis via a decrease in aromatase activity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk in a European prospective cohort study

Cairat

Fournier

Murphy

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Experimental studies have shown a protective effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on breast cancer development. However, results from epidemiological cohort studies are less consistent. Our objective was to assess the association between NSAID use and breast cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Self-reported information on NSAID use at baseline has been collected in five EPIC countries. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for the association of NSAID use with breast cancer incidence with adjustment for potential confounders. We also assessed effect modification by breast cancer risk factors and examined the associations within specific breast cancer subtypes. Among the 140,981 women included in the analysis, 7% were regularly using NSAIDs at baseline. During a median follow-up time period of 13 years, 7,379 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed (816 in situ and 6,563 invasive). There were no statistically significant associations between NSAID use and breast cancer risk, overall and by subtypes. However, a statistically significant interaction was observed for invasive cases between NSAID use and ever use of menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) among postmenopausal women [MHT users: HR = 0.84 (0.73-0.96); non MHT users: HR = 1.08 (0.93-1.25); p = 0.05]. Our results indicate potential effect modification of MHT use on the association between use of NSAIDs and breast cancer risk which deserves in-depth investigation in studies with accurate data on both NSAID and MHT use.

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Aspirin and NSAIDs for breast cancer chemoprevention

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with the Microbiota

Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with the Microbiota

Aspirin regulation of c-myc and cyclinD1 proteins to overcome tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and breast cancer risk in a European prospective cohort study

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