Aspirin for cancer is no mere antiplatelet prototype. There is potential in its ancient roots

Lawrence, J. R.; Baxter, Gwendoline; Paterson, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.07.001

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We reiterate our conclusion that ASA is no mere anti-platelet prototype [54]. That is the case, we aver, for most of the protean pathophysiological effects of ASA and not solely in cancer chemoprevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Re-focus on the importance of the SA moiety of ASA should also lead to further evaluation of SA derivatives which are more active than SA itself in interaction with particular "binding protein/receptors" [47,48]. At a more basic level we have previously pointed out that, particularly to extend its use in prophylaxis, the risk/ benefit profile of ASA may be improved with an SA/ASA combined formulation [54].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salicylic Acid Sans Aspirin in Animals and Man

Lawrence¹,

Baxter²,

Paterson³

2020

Drug Repurposing - Hypothesis, Molecular Aspects and Therapeutic Applications

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Analyses in non-aspirin takers finding salicylic acid (SA) and hydroxylated metabolites in serum also SA and salicyluric acid (SU) in urine led to a re-evaluation of dietary sources of salicylates. Fruit and vegetable sources explained higher levels found in drug-free vegetarians, which overlapped with those from patients on low dose aspirin. That drug’s chemo-protective action in cancer is, at least partially, attributable to its principal metabolite, SA—which we believe contributes to the benefits of a vegetarian diet. However, diet is unlikely to be the sole source of the circulating salicylate found in aspirin-free animals and man. We adduced evidence for its persistence in prolonged fasting and biosynthesis in vivo from labelled benzoic acid. We review the roles, defined and potential, of SA in the biosphere. Emphasis on the antiplatelet effect of aspirin in man has detracted from the likely pivotal role of SA in many potential areas of bioregulation—probably as important in animals as in plants. In this expanding field, some aspirin effects, mediated by apparently conserved receptors responding to SA, are discussed. The perspectives revealed may lead to re-evaluation of the place of salicylates in therapeutics and potentially improve formulations and drug delivery systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic Acid Sans Aspirin in Animals and Man

Lawrence¹,

Baxter²,

Paterson³

2020

Drug Repurposing - Hypothesis, Molecular Aspects and Therapeutic Applications

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“…31 Another study suggests that evidence for cancer prophylaxis is based on acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) doses of at least 75 mg/d. 47 For celecoxib, high dose was associated with the better outcome. For patients of all genotypes, the estimated cumulative incidence of one or more adenomas by year 3 was 43.3% for those randomized to low-dose (200 mg, twice daily) celecoxib (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.59-0.79; P < .001) and 36.8% for those randomized to high-dose (400 mg, twice daily) celecoxib (RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.46-0.64; P < .001; Table 4).…”

Section: Doses Of Aspirin and Celecoxibmentioning

confidence: 97%

Role of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Colorectal Cancer

et al. 2019

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Objective: The objective of this review was to systematically review and synthesize evidence regarding benefits of using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Data Sources: The data sources were MEDLINE, PubMed, NEJM, Google Scholar, and Google searches of references from relevant and eligible trials. Review Methods: We screened abstracts and full-text articles of identified references for eligibility and reviewed randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and meta-analysis for evidence on benefits of using NSAIDs in CRC treatments. For all extracted data, completeness and relevance were checked. Results: The risk of any adenoma among frequent NSAID users was 26.8% vs 39.9% among placebo subjects who later used NSAIDs sporadically (adjusted relative risk = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.98; P trend with NSAID use frequency = .03). Long-term use of aspirin reduces the risk of CRC. Aspirin also reduces the incidence of colon adenomas and mortality, especially when used for >10 years. Rofecoxib is associated with the reduction of CRC; however, it was associated with cardiovascular risk (with an overall unadjusted relative risk of 1.50 [95% CI = 0.76-2.94; P = .24]). Adenoma Prevention with Celecoxib trial shows that, for patients of all genotypes, the estimated cumulative incidence of one or more adenomas by year 3 was 59.8% for those randomized to placebo as compared with 43.3% for those randomized to low-dose (200 mg, twice daily) celecoxib (relative risk [RR] = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.59-0.79; P < .001) and 36.8% for those randomized to high-dose (400 mg, twice daily) celecoxib and 60.7% in placebo group (RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.46-0.64; P < .001). Conclusions: The use of COX-2 inhibitors both prior to and after diagnosis of CRC seemed to be mildly associated with the reduction in mortality of patients with CRC. Some literatures state that COX-2 inhibitors might play a synergistic role in adjuvant chemotherapy of FOLFOX regimen. Celecoxib was found to increase the radiosensitization of colon cancer cells.

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“…The intake of salicylates as part of a diet high in fruit and vegetables is rather associated with major health benefits. Efforts are underway to include salicylic acid as an essential vitamin: "vitamin S" [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Aerdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary implications in acetylsalicylic acid intolerance

Dölle‐Bierke

Plank-Habibi²,

Schäfer

et al. 2020

Allergo J Int

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Summary Background Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) may cause difficult-to-treat symptoms of the airways, skin, or gastrointestinal tract in hypersensitive patients. Due to the chemical relationship between salicylic acid and ASA, a role of a low-salicylate diet has been discussed. Methods This review evaluates whether low salicylate diets are meaningful from an allergological or nutritional–physiological perspective. Results The body’s arachidonic acid metabolism plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ASA intolerance. Despite their chemical affinity, ASA and salicylic acid affect the arachidonic pathway differently. The intake of salicylic acid with food is low compared to therapeutic doses of ASA. There is increasing evidence that protective effects of a high fruit and vegetables diet is related in part to the intake of salicylates. In salicylate-low diets, fruit and vegetables are reduced, harboring the risk of an insufficient diet and malnutrition. Conclusion Dietary therapy in ASA-intolerant patients is not recommended.

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Aspirin for cancer is no mere antiplatelet prototype. There is potential in its ancient roots

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Salicylic Acid Sans Aspirin in Animals and Man

Salicylic Acid Sans Aspirin in Animals and Man

Role of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Colorectal Cancer

Dietary implications in acetylsalicylic acid intolerance

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