Aspirin for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

For different reasons, millions of people take low-dose aspirin every day. For people who have had a heart attack, a stroke, placement of a coronary artery stent, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery, there is strong evidence that aspirin helps prevent another such event. This use is called secondary prevention: making an already diagnosed disease less likely to get worse.Aspirin is also sometimes used for primary prevention: to prevent people from developing cardiovascular disease in the first place. However, recent studies and guidelines indicate that few people benefit from using aspirin in this way.

A longitudinal study to evaluate the bleeding pattern of patients on low dose aspirin therapy following dental extraction

“…Nowadays, Aspirin is more commonly used as a precautionary medication to avoid adverse cardiac events like myocardial infarction, stroke, etc., New guidelines by American college of cardiology and American heart association, 2019 endorse on use of aspirin for primary and secondary prevention of adverse cardiac events[ 3 ] Aspirin as low as 40 mg to 160 mg/day has antiplatelet action and above 300 mg its anti-inflammatory action predominates. [ 19 20 ] Aspirin doses greater than 320 mg/day is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and antiplatelet efficacy is reduced due to blockage of prostacyclin production.…”

“…Aspirin has a wide range of pharmacological actions as an analgesic, antiplatelet, antipyretic drug. Aspirin is being prophylactically used 33% for high-risk cardiac patients[ 2 3 ] and 12-49% for persons with diabetes[ 4 5 ] for secondary prevention of adverse thromboembolic events. [ 6 7 8 ] The use of these antiplatelet drugs can make patients more susceptible to post extraction bleeding complications.…”

Age‐Related Trajectories of Cardiovascular Risk and Use of Aspirin and Statin Among U.S. Adults Aged 50 or Older, 2011–2018

“…To identify individuals eligible for treatment represented by primary or secondary prevention for CVD, 5,[7][8][9] we used the following validated measures: Primary prevention was defined as those with 10% or greater of 10-year ASCVD risk, but with no prior history of coronary heart disease, angina/angina pectoris, heart attack, or stroke. The secondary prevention was defined as those with a prior history of these clinical conditions.…”

“…The prevention of CVD can be broadly divided into preventing a first CVD event (primary prevention), and preventing subsequent CVD events (secondary prevention) 4,5 . While healthy lifestyle habits (e.g., healthy diet, regular physical activity, and not smoking) can improve cardiovascular health in later life, 6 pharmacological interventions, such as the use of aspirin and statin, may also be helpful.…”

Aspirin Actions in Treatment of NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

“…Cardio-vascular diseases (152)(153)(154)(155)(156)(157)(158)(159)(160) Controls cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by modulating angiotensin, thromboxane, and prostacyclin production, inhibits platelets activation and aggregation. Downregulates NF-kB, VCAM-1 and oxygen free radicals leading to reduction of vascular inflammation via p38MAPKs-NF-kB-VCAM-1 pathway.…”