Assay of diltiazem and deacetyldiltiazem by capillary gas chromatography

Grech-Bélanger, O; Leboeuf, Elizabeth; Langlois, Simon

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(87)80094-4

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The assay procedure listed in British Pharmacopoeia [3] and USP (Id acronym at 1 st usage) [4], where in the drug and its formulations are estimated by an HPLC (Id) method. The other methods for its estimation include gas chromatography (GC) [5,6], capillary GC [7], capillary electrophoresis [8], Raman spectroscopy [9], voltammetry and amperometry [10], HPLC [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], colorimetry [24,25], and spectrophotometry [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The present work describes the optimization of conditions for the determination of diltiazem hydrochloride in bulk and tablet formulations through oxidation-reduction reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect spectrophotometric determination of diltiazem hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

El‐Didamony

2005

Open Chemistry

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Three simple, accurate, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A, B and C) have been described for the indirect assay of diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL.HCl), either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method (A) is based on the oxidation of DIL.HCl by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and determination of unconsumed NBS by measuring the decrease in absorbance of amaranth dye (AM) at a suitable λ max = 521 nm. Other methods (B) and (C) involve the addition of excess cerric ammonium sulfate (CAS) and subsequent determination of the unconsumed oxidant by a decrease in the red color of chromotrope 2R (C2R) at a suitable λ max = 528 nm or a decrease in the orange-pink color of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) at λ max = 525 nm, respectively. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges 3.0 -9.0, 3.5 -7.0 and 3.5 -6.3 µg ml −1 for methods A, B and C, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in its pure form and its dosage form. No interference was observed from a common pharmaceutical adjuvant. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect spectrophotometric determination of diltiazem hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

El‐Didamony

2005

Open Chemistry

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“…[3][4][5][6] Atrial infarction, left atrial hypertension, local surgical trauma (cannulation of atria), pericarditis, and age-dependent atrial atrophic changes may be contributing factors to postoperative atrial fibrillation. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The toleration of atrial fibrillation depends on the ventricular rate, the degree of underlying left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and the duration of the arrhythmia. The loss of atrial systole when combined with tachycardia and a reduced filling time as well as increased myocardial oxygen consumption, may have deleterious effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypotension, atrioventricular block, and increased predisposition to ventricular arrhythmias have been reported. [10][11][12][13][14] In addition, organ toxicity related to type I antiarrhythmic agents frequently occurs. 9 the second treatment, although the mean heart rates did not statistically decrease further, 45% of the patients in group 1, 44% of the patients in group 2, and 46% of the patients in group 3 who had not responded to the first dose of diltiazem, converted to sinus rhythm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Intravenous diltiazem was found in several studies to be useful for the conversion of supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm and control of ventricular rhythm in atrial fibrillation. [10][11][12][13][14] After open-heart surgery, rhythm problems are frequently encountered in the early postoperative period. A number of patients with arrhythmias may have low cardiac output requiring inotropic agents that tend to exacerbate rhythm disturbances.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intravenous Diltiazem for Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Birincioğlu

Ulus

Yamak

et al. 1998

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann

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Between 1995 and 1997, 180 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting were given intravenous diltiazem for conversion of supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm or control of ventricular rhythm in atrial fibrillation. The patients were divided into three groups of 60 each: group 1 required no inotropic support; group 2 had mild inotropic support with dopamine; group 3 had high-dose inotropic support with adrenalin and dopamine. Thirty-eight patients in group 1 (63%), 40 in group 2 (67%), and 32 in group 3 (53%) responded to one or two doses of diltiazem. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the success rate of the treatment (p > 0.05). Additional procedures were needed in 70 patients including cardioversion in 20 (12 in group 1, 8 in group 2). Mean cardiac index was significantly increased and mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly decreased in all three groups after diltiazem treatment. After the first dose of diltiazem (0.25 mg·kg -1 ), the mean heart rate decreased from 141.5mg·kg -1 ± 3.8, 136.9 ± 8.5, and 140.2 ± 4.7 to 118.2 ± 5.1, 101.2 ± 6.7, and 105.6 ± 16.8 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The maximum decrease was seen after 5 minutes. After the second dose of diltiazem (0.35 mg·kg -1 ), although mean heart rates were not significantly decreased, 45% of group 1, 44% of group 2, and 46% of group 3 patients who did not respond to the first dose of diltiazem, converted to sinus rhythm. In the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, diltiazem was of benefit in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation or flutter. This treatment may be especially useful in patients who are in poor hemodynamic condition.

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“…PRA has been determined by capillary electrophoretic method [9], liquid chromatography [10], gas chromatography employing chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/CIMS) [11], HPTLC [12] and enzyme immunoassay [13]. Reported methods for the determination of DTZ and its metabolites include spectrophotometry [14], amperometry [15], HPLC [16], HPTLC [17], capillary gas chromatography [18] and liquid-liquid micro-extraction [19]. Different techniques have been reported for the determination of NAP i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultra-Sensitive and Selective LC-UV Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Pravastatin, Diltiazem, Naproxen Sodium and Meloxicam in API, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Serum

Sultana¹

2013

AJAC

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Abstract:The aim of the present work was to develop a sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of pravastatin and diltiazem along with naproxen and meloxicam using ultraviolet detector. The separation of components was achieved on Purospher Star, C 18 (5 µm, 25 x 0.46 cm) column using methanol-water (80:20 v/v) as mobile phase and pH adjusted 3.4 with 85% o-phosphoric acid. Related parameters that may influence the enrichment efficiency of speration of drugs such as the kind and volume of elute, sample flow rate, sample pH, and volume of the drug samples were investigated. Detection was performed at ambient temperature at 220 nm by pumping the mobile phase at the flow rate 1.0 mL min -1 . The experimental results indicated a good linearity (R 2 > 0.9947) over the concentration range of 0.5-20 µg mL -1 for pravastatin, naproxen and meloxicam and 0.75-24 µg mL -1 for diltiazem. The method was compared by programming the detector adjusting the wavelength with time to match the individual analyte's chromophore which enhanced sensitivity with linear range 0.25-8.0, 0.5-16, 0.4-12 and 0.2-4.0 µg mL -1 for pravastatin, diltiazem, naproxen and meloxicam respectively. The LOD values shifted down from 33, 70, 50 and 80 ng mL -1 to 15, 42, 20 and 10 ng mL -1 for pravastatin, diltiazem, naproxen and meloxicam respectively. Validation of the method showed good precision and accuracy for the proposed method. All the results indicated that this procedure could allow the simultaneous determination of these four compounds in API, pharmaceutical formulations and serum at trace levels. The method can be successfully applied for the determination of these drugs in human serum, clinical laboratories and in pharmaceutical formulations without diode array detector and without interference of excipients or endogenous components of serum.

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Assay of diltiazem and deacetyldiltiazem by capillary gas chromatography

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Indirect spectrophotometric determination of diltiazem hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

Indirect spectrophotometric determination of diltiazem hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

Intravenous Diltiazem for Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

An Ultra-Sensitive and Selective LC-UV Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Pravastatin, Diltiazem, Naproxen Sodium and Meloxicam in API, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Serum

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