Assays for the Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation

Abstract

Physical and emotional stress, metabolic alterations, carcinogenesis or inflammation are conditions that can trigger oxidative stress, which is defined as a balance shift of redox reactions towards oxidation, resulting in the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are continuously formed in small quantities during the normal metabolism of cell, however the overproduction of ROS is cytotoxic and damages macromolecules (DNA, proteins, sugars and lipids). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are esterified in membrane or storage lipids are subject to ROS-induced peroxidation resulting in the destruction of biomembranes. Final products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) are reactive aldehydes that are relatively stable and may diffuse far from the initial site of oxidative injury and act as second messengers or free radicals. The difference between physiological and pathological oxidative stress is often the occurrence of LPO and its final toxic products. In this chapter, two classes of methods for measurement of LPO are described. The first include assays for detection of LPO at the organismal level, while the second include molecular and cellular assays that reveal the mechanistic effects of LPO on the function, morphology and viability of the cells.

Vitellogenin Recognizes Cell Damage through Membrane Binding and Shields Living Cells from Reactive Oxygen Species

“…Our results strengthen this view. The membrane might be the optimal location for Vg to provide direct shielding for the cell against a ROS attack because lipids are chemically prone to oxidation (56).…”

Low density lipoprotein induces upregulation of vasoconstrictive endothelin type B receptor expression

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Nicotine-enhanced oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and its components by myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system

“…The presence of PUFA makes the membrane susceptible to oxidation processes known as lipid peroxidation (Gasparovic et al 2013). (1) ML (1.3 mM) and (2) immediately after addition of HOCl (1 mM), as they develop at 10-second intervals, in the directions indicated by the arrows.…”