Assays Utilizing Red Cells as Markers

Coombs, R.R.A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8054-9_3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The resultant indicator cells were used in several liquid-phase assays and two solid-phase assays, referred to as mixed reverse solid-phase passive antiglobulin hemadherence (MrsPAH) and solid-phase aggregation of coupled erythrocytes (SPACE) . 59 The MrsPAH test was designed to detect antibodies directed against bacterial or viral antigens immobilized on microplate wells. The reaction was essentially that of mixed hemadsorption, in which antibody present in test fluids is adsorbed by the solid-phase antigen and detected by the addition of indicator red cells.…”

Section: A Origins Of Solid-phase Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Phase Techniques in Blood Transfusion Serology

Beck¹,

Plapp²,

Sinor³

et al. 1985

CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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Coombs test)I0 as methods to demonstrate nonagglutinating, "incomplete" antibodies. Proteolytic enzymes were added to the blood banks armamentanum in 1947." In 1964, the use of low ionic strength media, which was reported to accelerate antibody uptake by red cells, was recommended.'* As knowledge of new blood group systems expanded, the search for even more sensitive and rapid test systems continued. By the early 1960s, the impression emerged that pretransfusion testing should be designed to detect any and all serologic incompatibilities. Pretransfusion testing included a determination of ABO groups, screening for antibodies in the sera of donors and recipients, and major and minor crossmatch procedures. Antibody screening and crossmatching were done in saline at room temperature to detect IgM agglutinins, and at 37°C followed by the indirect antiglobulin test to detect IgG nonagglutinating antibodies. Some laboratories also incorporated enzyme-treated red cells and/or low ionic strength media into their routine procedures.Within the past decade, the issue of cost containment has affected the entire field of health care. Clinical laboratories have been forced to face some important issues; how much testing is enough and how can tests be performed more efficiently? The concept has gradually evolved that the minimum amount of compatibility testing which will ensure patient safety should be performed. As a result, redundant procedures have been eliminated whenever possible; e.g., minor crossmatches have generally been discontinued. Antibody screening and crossmatching procedures have been modified to detect only antibodies thought to be of clinical significance, most of which are antiglobulin reactive. Many laboratories no longer perform antibody screening or crossmatching procedures at room temperature, favoring instead incubation at 37"C, usually in low ionic strength media, followed by an antiglobulin test.Blood bank test protocols have been changed in response to the economy, but the basic technology has remained the same. The blood bank has always been committed to the traditional technique of hemagglutination. Continued reliance on hemagglutination has impeded progress and proven to be the major obstacle to the ultimate goal of automated pretransfusion testing.Other areas of the clinical laboratory have responded to the pressures of cost containment by replacing outmoded test procedures with newer, more efficient methodology. Sophisticated immunoassays, such as radioimmunoassays, immunofluorescence assays, enzymelabeled immunoassays, particle counting assays, chemiluminescence assays, and immune precipitation are now common procedures in serology, virology, microbiology, endocrinology, toxicology, and clinical chemistry laboratories. Ironically, the blood bank, among the first areas of clinical medicine to utilize immunologic techniques, is conspicuously absent from this list. For a number of reasons, these immunoassays have not been adapted to perform routine pretransfusion serology.The disadvantages of radio...

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Section: A Origins Of Solid-phase Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Phase Techniques in Blood Transfusion Serology

Beck¹,

Plapp²,

Sinor³

et al. 1985

CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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“…Complement fixation can be utilized to classify an isolate and perform initial screening on it. Essentially a slightly streamlined version of the complement fixation of complement fixation test, the immuneadherence hemagglutination test is currently employed more commonly to identify antibodies than antigens (Coombs 2012).…”

Section: Complement Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Tools for Zoonotic Infections

2023

IJAB

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The recent growth of infectious diseases stemming from zoonotic origins has placed a significant global burden on both morbidity and mortality. Additionally it has generated substantial economic challenges. The complexity and dynamism of the resurgence and epidemiology of zoonoses are shaped by diverse factors which can be broadly classified into human-related, pathogen-related and climate related parameters. The diagnosis of animal diseases serves a dual role as both the origin and solution to various ailments. It is instrumental in managing and preventing diseases, playing a crucial part in overall disease control. Therefore, the imperative for the development of veterinary diagnostic tools becomes apparent, ensuring comprehensive animal welfare and effective monitoring of disease spread. Here we discussed various molecular and non-molecular diagnostic methods for zoonotic infections. These diverse approaches include viral metagenomics, clinical recognition, standard labortary assessments, and labortary tests. By examining recent advancements in diagnostic methodologies, this chapter aims to underscore the importance of ongoing research and innovation in the field of zoonotic disease diagnostics for enhanced public health preparedness and intervention strategies.

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“…Haemagglutination in all its forms has been widely used as the basis of highly sensitive assays for antibodies and antigens [2], In demonstrating the specificity of idiotype-anti-idiotype reactions, passive haemagglutination should provide a sensitive alternative to radioimmunoassay (RIA) and potentially a rapid screening method for monoclonal anti-idiotypes. It would have a particular advantage in the latter respect over solid phase RIA.…”

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Idiotype‐Anti‐Idiotype Interactions of V_HIX‐Coded Anti‐Progesterone and Anti‐Arsonate Antibodies

et al. 1987

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The reactivity and specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against monoclonal anti-progesterone and anti-arsonate antibodies have been studied by solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) with immobilized idiotype and by passive haemagglutination with idiotype-coupled red cells. The sensitivity of the two methods was comparable, though some cross-reactions were only detected by RIA. Passive haemagglutination was found to be especially suitable in screening for monoclonal anti-idiotypes in hybridoma supernatants and ascites, and had advantages over RIA in detection of syngeneic anti-idiotypes. Demonstration of binding site-associated idiotopes was possible by haemagglutination inhibition. RIA and haemagglutination were used to investigate the idiotypic relationships between BALB/c antiprogesterone and anti-arsonate monoclonal antibodies which share heavy chains encoded by VHIX variable region genes.

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Assays Utilizing Red Cells as Markers

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Solid-Phase Techniques in Blood Transfusion Serology

Solid-Phase Techniques in Blood Transfusion Serology

Diagnostic Tools for Zoonotic Infections

Idiotype‐Anti‐Idiotype Interactions of V_HIX‐Coded Anti‐Progesterone and Anti‐Arsonate Antibodies

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Assays Utilizing Red Cells as Markers

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Solid-Phase Techniques in Blood Transfusion Serology

Solid-Phase Techniques in Blood Transfusion Serology

Diagnostic Tools for Zoonotic Infections

Idiotype‐Anti‐Idiotype Interactions of VHIX‐Coded Anti‐Progesterone and Anti‐Arsonate Antibodies

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Product

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Idiotype‐Anti‐Idiotype Interactions of V_HIX‐Coded Anti‐Progesterone and Anti‐Arsonate Antibodies