Assembling Si₂BN nanoribbons into a 3D porous structure as a universal anode material for both Li- and Na-ion batteries with high performance

Abstract

Development of anode materials is critical to the success of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Because of the size difference between Li and Na, the commercial anode material graphite in Li-ion...

Borophene-Based Three-Dimensional Porous Structures as Anode Materials for Alkali Metal-Ion Batteries with Ultrahigh Capacity

“…Path-1 shows the lowest migration barriers of 0.23 eV for Li, 0.13 eV for Na, and 0.05 eV for K, which leads to fast ion transport. The diffusion barriers of 3D-β 12 -borophene are comparable to those of the anode materials 3D-Si 2 BN (0.44 eV for Li and 0.19 for eV Na), bco-C 16 (0.53 eV for Li), and β 12 and χ 3 -borophene (∼0.60 eV for Li and ∼0.30 eV for Na) . On the other hand, the diffusion barriers of 3D-B 7 P 2 are comparable to those of m-C 16 (0.25 eV for Li), 3D-Si 2 BN (0.19 eV for Na), and BDL-14 (0.05 eV for K), while they exceed those of IGN (0.004 eV for Li) and ISN (0.005 eV for Na) but stay below that of 3D-PGDY (0.10 eV for K), as shown in Table .…”

“…Path-1 shows the lowest migration barriers of 0.23 eV for Li, 56 and β 12 and χ 3 -borophene (∼0.60 eV for Li and ∼0.30 eV for Na). 15 On the other hand, the diffusion barriers of 3D-B 7 P 2 are comparable to those of m-C 16 (0.25 eV for Li), 52 3D-Si 2 BN (0.19 eV for Na), 51 and BDL-14 (0.05 eV for K), 54 while they exceed those of IGN (0.004 eV for Li) 53 and ISN (0.005 eV for Na) 57 but stay below that of 3D-PGDY (0.10 eV for K), 55 as shown in Table 3. Overall, our results demonstrate excellent charge−discharge rate performances.…”

“…The reason behind the higher Li capacity than that of Na and K is the smaller ionic size of Li, which enables dense storage. The obtained capacities are several times higher than those of commercial anode materials such as graphite (372 mA h g –1 for Li and 270 mA h g –1 for K) , and competitors such as 3D-Si 2 BN (512/341 mA h g –1 for Li/Na), m-C 16 (588 mA h g –1 for Li), ISN (160 mA h g –1 for Na), and BDL-14 (478 mA h g –1 for K), as listed in Table . As compared to pure carbon materials, 3D-β 12 -borophene and 3D-B 7 P 2 have higher capacities due to the electron-deficient nature of the atoms B in the B 7 units, which results in affinity to metal ions and offers multiple binding sites.…”

A Stable Three‐Dimensional Porous Carbon as a High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Ion Batteries

“…Intensive efforts have been devoted to design novel 3D porous materials by using numerous nanoribbons as the basic building unit for 3D porous materials used for battery anode. Currently, the reported 3D systems constructed using nanoribbons include BPC 2 , [ 9 ] Si 2 BN, [ 10 ] B 7 P 2 , [ 11 ] phosphorus‐graphydiyne, [ 12 ] and β 12 ‐borophene, [ 11 ] which can work as an anode for metal ion batteries. In alkali metal ions Li, Na, and K ions are in the same group in the periodic table with similar chemical properties, especially their ion batteries operate in the same principle.…”

B4 Cluster-Based 3D Porous Topological Metal as an Anode Material for Both Li- and Na-Ion Batteries with a Superhigh Capacity

“…In the design of a battery anode, materials made of lightweight nonmetals have always been the focus of attention. − Among them, boron materials are of special interest due to the electron-deficient feature that would lead to a high capacity. For example, 2D borophene has been reported to be the high-capacity anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) .…”