Assembling Sugars and Metals: Novel Architectures and Reactivities in Transition Metal Chemistry

New Dinuclear Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of a Carboxylate-Rich Dinucleating Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Their Interactions with Sugars

“…Carbohydrates also play several other roles in biological functions. Thus, considerable effort has been directed toward carbohydrate recognition, by synthetic receptors, in relation to the important roles that carbohydrates serve in biological processes. , Examples of recognition can be observed in intercellular recognition, signal transduction, and fertilization and as targets of bacterial or viral infections of cells, to name a few. − In this regard, the interactions between metal ions and carbohydrates remain one of the main objectives of carbohydrate coordination chemistry. − Although metal–carbohydrate coordination chemistry is of fundamental importance to these events, investigations on the structures and characteristics of carbohydrate coordination compounds are often limited to complexes derived from sugars with strong coordinating amino groups. − In contrast, carbohydrate–metal assemblies based on sugar-type ligands with weak coordinating alcoholic, aldehyde, or ketone oxygen donor atoms remain poorly understood. , Due to the low stability of the complexes in neutral or acidic aqueous solution, characterization of the equilibria occurring during coordination is difficult and often reaches experimental limitations . In the past several years, Rao and co-workers contributed immensely to the understanding of transition metal–carbohydrate interactions in chemistry and biology .…”

Studies Directed to Understanding the Structure of Chitosan−Metal Complexes: Investigations of Mono- and Disaccharide Models with Platinum(II) Group Metals

“…From a coordination chemistry perspective, carbohydrates are functionalized with a sequence of weakly chelating donor sites. The high content of hydroxyl groups can result in the formation of a potpourri of configurational isomers upon complexation, where some of these are in conformational and configurational equilibrium as a consequence of the low-energy barrier between the isomers . These concerns which are inherent to the specific metal−carbohydrate complexes complicates isolation and characterization and is a main contributor to why this field has been largely unexplored .…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Investigation of New Iron(III) and Copper(II) Complexes of a Carboxylate Rich Ligand and Their Interaction with Carbohydrates in Aqueous Solution

“…Carbohydrates play several roles in biological functions. Recently, considerable effort has been directed toward understanding carbohydrate recognition, by synthetic receptors, in relation to the important roles that carbohydrates play in biological processes. , One such recognition which is being investigated with ever increasing interest involves metal ions and carbohydrates interaction. − This particular interaction has important implications in a variety of biological systems such as support in membrane systems, cell–cell adhesion, , intercellular recognition, signal transduction, fertilization, and as targets of bacterial or viral infections of cells. ,, Although understanding the metal ion carbohydrate coordination chemistry is of fundamental importance to these systems, structural and functional investigations of carbohydrate metal complexes has been limited to complexes derived from amino sugars. − Besides to the biological relevance, carbohydrate interaction with metal ions has also been a subject of intense research in the field of enantioselective catalysis of organic reactions. − …”

“…However, unlike the case with various other metalloenzymes, the study of metalloenzymes involved with carbohydrates using synthetic models is largely unexplored. In the past several years, few research groups have contributed to the understanding of carbohydrate-transition metal ion interactions in chemistry and biology. ,− ,,− For example, synthetic strategies have been developed for VO 2+ , Cr 3+ , , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , ,, Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , ,− Zn 2+ , , and MoO 2 2+ carbohydrate complexes . Furthermore, the biologically relevant aspects of carbohydrate complexes of Fe 3+ , ,− Cr 3+ , VO 2+ , , and Zn 2+ , , have also been studied.…”