Assesment of the soil erosion & water quality state in the downstream portion of Syrdarya using the water quality index arithmetic method

Abstract

The Syrdarya river basin, with its rich historical significance in agriculture, now faces with contemporary challenges that demand immediate attention. The main issues revolve around soil erosion and declining water quality downstream, both of which pose severe threats to the ecosystem and local communities. One pressing concern is the alarming lack of research in this region, leaving a critical knowledge gap in understanding and addressing these challenges effectively. The interplay between water quality and soil erosion is a fundamental aspect that cannot be overlooked. Salinity, primarily caused by elements such as SO42− and Ca2+, plays a pivotal role in the degradation of soil and exacerbation of erosion by impeding plant root access to water. Downstream areas, particularly those reliant on rice-based cropping fields that require extensive irrigation, bear the brunt of these issues. Erosion in these regions leads to a cascading effect on water quality. Saline soil, pesticides, and fertilizers eroded from fields ultimately find their way into the river, posing significant threats to both ecosystems and nearby communities. Furthermore, the escalating levels of soil erosion and degradation have substantially increased the demand for irrigation water. If the current rate of soil salinization and river pollution remains constant, it's a bleak forecast for the Kyzylorda region. In a matter of decades, the once-fertile lands may become unsuitable for agriculture, and the Syrdarya river's water may no longer be safe for drinking or other critical purposes. This study aims to shed light on the intricate relationship between water quality and soil erosion in the Syrdarya river basin. It utilizes the water quality index (WQI) methodology to assess the impact of soil erosion and potential pollutants on the river's water quality. By doing so, it underscores the urgent need for informed decision-making in the pursuit of sustainable resource management and environmental protection in this crucial region. Recognizing and addressing these challenges is not only essential for the present but also for safeguarding the future of the Syrdarya river basin and its inhabitants.