Assessing adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal): development and psychometric evaluation of the parent-report scale

Nonaka, Shunsuke; Shimada, Hironori; Sakai, Motohiro

doi:10.1080/17542863.2017.1367411

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Higher scores on the ABS-H indicate more adaptive behaviors. The ABS-H has adequate reliability, criterion-related validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity (23). Cronbach's alpha showed similar values to a previous study (23), with the hikikomori group a = 0.94, control group a = 0.95.…”

Section: Adaptive Behaviors Scale For Hikikomori (Abs-h)supporting

confidence: 76%

“…Because hikikomori shows a state in which social interaction behavior is restricted, the adaptive behavior of the individuals with hikikomori is social interaction behavior in many cases. The social interaction behavior of the individuals with hikikomori includes communicating with family or nonfamily members, social behavior toward their goals, and working or attending school (23). The ABS-H is a parentrated measure of the social interaction behaviors of individuals with hikikomori.…”

Section: Adaptive Behaviors Scale For Hikikomori (Abs-h)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABS-H is a parentrated measure of the social interaction behaviors of individuals with hikikomori. It consists of four subscales: interaction, family, value (behaviors that match the values of individuals with hikikomori), and social participation inside and outside the home (23). The ABS-H comprises 26 items in total, which require participants to assess the frequency of children's adaptive behaviors on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (almost never) to 3 (almost always).…”

Section: Adaptive Behaviors Scale For Hikikomori (Abs-h)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, no studies have examined this influence. Hikikomori means a decrease in social interaction behavior, which is considered an adaptive behavior (23,24); accordingly, the less adaptive behavior is performed, the more severe the hikikomori is expected to be. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the "family behavioral repertoire" for coping with hikikomori and "family interaction" on the adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori, according to a hypothesis model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family Behavioral Repertoires and Family Interaction Influence the Adaptive Behaviors of Individuals With Hikikomori

2020

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Background: Family support is key in the initial stages of psychological support for individuals with hikikomori. However, it remains necessary to confirm the relationship between families' cognitive behavioral factors and the severity of hikikomori to understand ways of improving hikikomori. We examined the influences of family behavioral repertoires for coping with hikikomori and family interaction on the adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori. We employed a control group to examine whether the influence of these adaptive behaviors was unique to families of individuals with hikikomori. Methods: We asked 185 parents of individuals with hikikomori (hikikomori group) and 460 parents of individuals with no experience of hikikomori (control group) to complete the Family Behavioral Repertoire Scale for coping with hikikomori (FBS-H), the Family Interaction Scale for Hikikomori (FIS-H), and the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori (ABS-H). Using the subscales of the ABS-H as the dependent variables, we conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses wherein family behavioral repertoire was added in Step 1, experience frequency and cognition of contingency were added in Step 2 as control values, family interaction was added in Step 3, and the interaction terms were added in Step 4. Results: The ABS-H total and subscale scores were significantly lower in the hikikomori group than in the control group. The social participation subscale showed the largest difference, while the family subscale showed the smallest. In the hikikomori group, we observed a significant adjusted R 2 for the family and value subscales (Step 1). The DR 2 in Step 3 was significant for the interaction and family subscales of the ABS-H. In the control group, significant adjusted R 2 values were found for all ABS-H subscales in Step 1, but the DR 2 in Step 3 was not significant for any subscales. Conclusion: Family-related cognitive behavioral factors, such as family behavioral repertoire and family interaction, appear to relate to improvement in hikikomori. Of course, these findings warrant further investigation because we did not examine the longitudinal, causal relations between these variables. In the future, we might also test the

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Section: Adaptive Behaviors Scale For Hikikomori (Abs-h)supporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Adaptive Behaviors Scale For Hikikomori (Abs-h)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptive Behaviors Scale For Hikikomori (Abs-h)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family Behavioral Repertoires and Family Interaction Influence the Adaptive Behaviors of Individuals With Hikikomori

2020

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“…While the data collected from KHJ members included those in the year 1999 onwards, some items used in the current study only included those beginning in 2010. Some of the data used in the present study were also used by Nonaka et al [29], Makabe et al [30], Nonaka et al [31], Nonaka et al [32], and Nonaka, Shimada, and Sakai [24], to investigate family characteristics in cases of hikikomori. We used the age of the individuals with hikikomori and the age at the onset of hikikomori to calculate the number of expressions of hikikomori each year.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of socioeconomic factors with hikikomori in Japan from 2010–2019: a correlational study

Nonaka

Sakai

2020

Preprint

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Background Although several surveys have suggested that socioeconomic factors function as background variables for the expression of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal), no research has directly examined whether socioeconomic indicators increase the occurrence of hikikomori. This study aimed to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the expression of hikikomori using data covering a 10-year period. Methods We collected socioeconomic data between 2010 to 2019 from members of a multi-branch Japanese association for family members of hikikomori patients. Results The results of the partial correlation analysis and meta-analysis showed that the higher the unemployment rate, the greater the occurrence probability of hikikomori. Conclusion The findings suggest that socioeconomic factors relate to the increase in hikikomori, and that these factors should be included when identifying the individual or cultural factors that cause hikikomori.

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The psychometric properties of a self- report scale on assessing social interaction of people with prolonged social withdrawal (HIKIKOMORI)

Nonaka

Sakai

2020

Curr Psychol

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Assessing adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal): development and psychometric evaluation of the parent-report scale

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Family Behavioral Repertoires and Family Interaction Influence the Adaptive Behaviors of Individuals With Hikikomori

Family Behavioral Repertoires and Family Interaction Influence the Adaptive Behaviors of Individuals With Hikikomori

Association of socioeconomic factors with hikikomori in Japan from 2010–2019: a correlational study

The psychometric properties of a self- report scale on assessing social interaction of people with prolonged social withdrawal (HIKIKOMORI)

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