Assessing and modifying China bentonites for aflatoxin adsorption

Gan, Fangqun; Hang, Xiaoshuai; Huang, Qiaoyun; Deng, Youjun

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2018.12.001

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Though it does not provide any information about the mechanism by which mycotoxin is retained, however, it is still applicable to find the adsorption capacity. [ 23a ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 18 ] Some of the significant adsorbents used for the removal of mycotoxins are activated carbon, [ 19 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 20 ] zeolites, [ 21 ] magnetic nano‐particles, [ 22 ] modified, or unmodified clay materials. [ 23 ] Among all these adsorbents, the clay‐based adsorbents are of considerable importance due to low cost, non‐toxic, and ease of modification, however, requires modifications with organic moieties to make them organophilic in nature. Modification of clay (bentonites) pose great interest with respect to its applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green and Eco‐Friendly Removal of Mycotoxins with Organo‐Bentonites; Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Saeed

Farooq

Nafees

et al. 2020

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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In the current study the application of organo‐modified bentonite for the adsorption of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, citrinin, patulin, and zearalenone) is presented. The modification of clays is carried out using benzyl‐tri‐n‐butyl ammonium bromide (BTB), benzethonium chloride (BTC), and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS). Various experimental parameters such as pH, time, adsorbent dose, and mycotoxins concentration are thoroughly studied. The modified clays (B‐BTB, B‐BTC and B‐DSS) are characterized by X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results depicted the high detoxification efficiency (≈99%) of modified clays for the removal of mycotoxins under optimized conditions (pH 5, time: 30 min, adsorbent amount: 50 mg). The adsorption capacities of modified clays are found in the order of: B‐BTC (AFB1: 18.02, CIT: 18.35, PAT: 18.21, ZEA: 18.09 mg g−1) > B‐BTB (AFB1: 17.7, CIT: 18.11, PAT: 17.95, ZEA: 17.90 mg g−1) > B‐DSS (AFB1: 17.5, CIT: 18.02, PAT: 17.86, ZEA: 17.80 mg g−1). The obtained results fitted well with thermodynamic, isothermal (Langmuir) and pseudo‐second order kinetics. Low cost organo‐modified bentonite shows the promise in mitigating mycotoxin contamination, which could improve food safety and reduce environmental contamination.

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“…Though it does not provide any information about the mechanism by which mycotoxin is retained, however, it is still applicable to find the adsorption capacity. [ 23a ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Eco‐Friendly Removal of Mycotoxins with Organo‐Bentonites; Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Saeed

Farooq

Nafees

et al. 2020

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…These include micro- and nano-sized minerals and non-mineral particles, e.g., clay minerals, zeolites, and activated carbons and their derivatives. Currently, bentonites, which are abundant sedimentary rocks rich in smectite clay minerals, have demonstrated a protective role against aflatoxins [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, some mycotoxins are known to form anionic species, e.g., fumonisin B 1 (FB1) which cannot be efficiently removed by the materials listed above due to their exclusive cation exchange properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin B1 Interaction with Mg-Al and Mg-Fe Layered Double Hydroxides: Removal Efficiency and Mechanisms

Matusik

Deng

2020

Materials

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Mycotoxins in feed and food are highly toxic and pose a serious danger even at very low concentrations. The use of bentonites in animal diet can reduce toxin bioavailability. However, some mycotoxins like fumonisin B1 (FB1) form anionic species which excludes the use of negatively charged clays. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) with anion-exchange properties, in theory, can be perfect candidates to adsorb FB1. However, fundamental research on the use of LDH for mycotoxins removal is scarce and incomplete. Thus, the presented study was designed to explore such a possibility. The LDH materials with differing chemistry and layer charge were synthesized by co-precipitation both from metal nitrates and chlorides and were then tested for FB1 removal. XRD, FTIR, XPS, and chemical analysis were used for the LDH characterization and to obtain insight into the removal mechanisms. A higher adsorption capacity was observed for the Mg/Al LDH samples (~0.08–0.15 mol/kg) in comparison to the Mg/Fe LDH samples (~0.05–0.09 mol/kg) with no difference in removal efficiency between Cl and NO3 intercalated LDH. The adsorption capacity increased along with lower layer charge of Mg/Al and was attributed to the lower content of bonded carbonates and the increase of non-polar sites which led to matching between the adsorption domains of LDH with FB1. The FTIR analysis confirmed the negative effect of carbonates which hampered the adsorption at pH 7 and led to the highest adsorption at pH 5 (FB1 content ~15.8 ± 0.75 wt.%). The fast surface adsorption (1–2 min) was dominant and XRD analysis of the basal spacing indicated that no FB1 intercalation occurred in the LDH. The XPS confirmed a strong interaction of FB1 with Mg sites of LDH at pH 5 where the interaction with FB1 carboxylate moieties COO− was confirmed. The research confirmed a high affinity and selectivity of LDH structures towards anionic forms of FB1 mycotoxin.

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“…Inorganic binders, such as hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates, bentonites, phyllosilicates, smectites, kaolinites, zeolites and activated charcoal are used especially in developed countries [15]. Bentonite is among the most widely used sequestering agents and has been reported to adsorb over 85% of aflatoxins present in the feed [16][17][18] and was therefore included in the current analyses for comparison purposes. The effectiveness of inorganic substances as binders vary with the toxin type; and in some cases, there is need to eliminate them from the treated feeds before presenting to the animals [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro Efficacy of Two Microbial Strains and Physicochemical Effects on their Aflatoxin Decontamination in Poultry Feeds

Tebetyo

Bogere

Nabulime

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Contamination of animal feeds with aflatoxigenic fungi is a challenge to livestock farmers worldwide. Aflatoxins are very toxic fungal metabolites that are associated with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and estrogenic effects. The toxins affect animal productivity and may lead to deaths, causing enormous economic losses. Aflatoxin decontamination is a challenge to the feed industry, despite the several approaches available. This study investigated the efficacy of two microbial isolates, Bacillus spp (B285) and Yeast strain (Y833), in reducing Aflatoxin concentration in poultry feeds in comparison with a commonly used commercial chemical binder, Bentonite. The influence of the poultry feed matrix, pH, and temperature on the aflatoxin reducing activity by the two microorganisms was also explored. Results: The in vitro studies showed that the two microorganisms and the chemical binder reduced aflatoxins by over 74% of the original concentration. The chemical binder registered the highest reduction at 93.4%; followed by Y833 (83.6%), then the combination of Y833 and B285 (77.9%); and lastly B285 (74.9%). There was no significant (p>0.05) influence of temperature on the toxin reducing capacity of all the agents tested. The pHs 4.5 and 6.5 did not have a significant effect on the performance of both chemical binder and biological agents, however, the former performed better at pH 6.5 with 95% aflatoxin reduction compared to the microorganisms. The aflatoxin reducing activity was lower in presence of feeds compared to that in Phosphate Buffered Saline except for Y833 where no difference was observed. Conclusions: Although the feed components affected the aflatoxin reducing capacity of the test materials, the chemical binder was more effective than the microbial agents. Yeast strain was more effective than the bacterial strain in reducing the aflatoxin levels, however, both are promising strategies for countering the aflatoxin challenges in animal feeds. In response to the advocacy for use of biological control agents, there is need for more investigations to establish the safety of the microorganisms, the mechanism of decontamination and safety of the products; the optimum concentrations that can reduce aflatoxins in feeds to permissible levels and the effect of the toxin contamination levels on microbial efficiency.

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Assessing and modifying China bentonites for aflatoxin adsorption

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Green and Eco‐Friendly Removal of Mycotoxins with Organo‐Bentonites; Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Green and Eco‐Friendly Removal of Mycotoxins with Organo‐Bentonites; Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

Fumonisin B1 Interaction with Mg-Al and Mg-Fe Layered Double Hydroxides: Removal Efficiency and Mechanisms

The in vitro Efficacy of Two Microbial Strains and Physicochemical Effects on their Aflatoxin Decontamination in Poultry Feeds

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