Assessing antimicrobial resistance occurrence in the Portuguese food system: Poultry, pigs and derived food, 2014–2018

Costa, Miguel Pereira da; Cardo, Miguel; d'Anjo, Maria Cara; Leite, Andreia

doi:10.1111/zph.12920

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…However, bacteria with resistance to multiple drugs have increasingly been found because of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics on farms to reduce and prevent the risk of infection [ 2 ]. Pigs and chickens are food-producing animals but are also major reservoirs of organisms with antimicrobial resistance [ 3 , 4 ]. In addition to antibiotic residues in food, antibiotic resistance genes can disseminate between animals and humans via the food chain [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Central China during 2016–2019

Wang

Qin

Mao

et al. 2022

Animals

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The emergence and dissemination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) represents a major public health threat. The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from chickens in central China during 2016–2019. A total of 407 E. coli strains isolated from 581 chicken swabs were identified conventionally and analyzed for various cephalosporin susceptibility by disk-diffusion assay. ESBL-producing strains were screened using the double=disk synergy test and ESBL-encoding genes were carried out by PCR/sequencing. A total of 402 E. coli isolates exhibited strong resistance to first- to fourth-generation cephalosporins and monobactam antibiotics, especially cefazolin (60.69%), cefuroxime (54.05%), cefepime (35.14%), ceftriaxone (54.30%), and aztreonam (40.29%). Piperacillin/tazobactam (1.72%) was the most effective drug against the strains, but the resistance rates increased each year. Among the isolates, 262 were identified as ESBL producers and the isolation rates for the ESBL producers increased from 63.37% to 67.35% over the four years. CTX-M (97.33%) was the most prevalent type, followed by TEM (76.72%) and SHV (3.05%). The most common ESBL genotype combination was blaTEM + blaCTX-M (74.46%), in which the frequency of carriers increased steadily, followed by blaCTX-M + blaSHV (3.05%). In addition, the most predominant specific CTX-M subtypes were CTX-M-55 (48.47%) and CTX-M-1 (17.94%), followed by CTX-M-14 (11.01%), CTX-M-15 (8.02%), CTX-M-9 (6.11%), CTX-M-65 (4.58%), and CTX-M-3 (1.15%). Moreover, a novel multiplex qPCR assay was developed to detect blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV, with limits of detection of 2.06 × 101 copies/μL, 1.10 × 101 copies/μL, and 1.86 × 101 copies/μL, respectively, and no cross-reactivity with other ESBL genes and avian pathogens. The assays exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificities of 85%, 100%, and 100% for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV, respectively. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ESBL-producing E.coli strains isolated from chickens in central China were highly resistant to cephalosporins and frequently harbored diversity in ESBL-encoding genes. These isolates can pose a significant public health risk. The novel multiplex qPCR method developed in this study may be a useful tool for molecular epidemiology and surveillance studies of ESBL genes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Central China during 2016–2019

Wang

Qin

Mao

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…1). The study revealed a high number of different organisms contamination in poultry products than previously observed in poultry products [18][19][20]. There is a high possibility that harmful organisms will spread from poultry flocks, which have been shown to be common reservoirs, to humans through the food chain [21].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Bacteria In the Poultry Productsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Detected in Poultry Products in Mandya, India

Moktan¹,

Venkataraman²,

Shrestha³

2023

Arch Pharm Pract

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Antimicrobials blended at a subtherapeutic level to improve feed efficiency and growth are becoming more popular. Antibiotic use in foodproducing animals results in the deposition of drug residues in meat and eggs. Evidence of infection by environmental and agricultural organisms is emerging. As Southern India makes a significant contribution to the poultry product of India, we intend to identify possible organisms in poultry products, as well as their antibiotic resistance patterns, in Mandya, Karnataka, India. The sample from the freshly sacrificed chicken was taken from each of the seven taluks in the Mandya district. Gram staining followed by a biochemical test was performed to isolate the organisms. The antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was performed by a modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and AST was interpreted using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Guideline (CLSG) 2020. A total of 105 samples were collected from seven taluks in the Mandya district. Of these, 94.29% (99/105) of samples were cultured positive for bacterial growth. At least 71.43% of each poultry product was culture positive for bacteria. The predominance of nine different organisms was observed. Almost all isolated organisms were resistant to lincomycin (95.96%), bacitracin (88.89%), and erythromycin (82.83%). Organisms developed minimal resistance to gentamicin (3.03%) and ciprofloxacin (16.16%). The study concluded that the poultry products were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella spp., Morganella morgani, and NFGNB. All of these organisms have developed multi-drug resistance.

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“…Several European states also operate their own monitoring programmes, for example, the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme (DANMAP) in Denmark [54] and the Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Usage in Animals in the Netherlands (MARAN) programme in the Netherlands [55]. As these monitoring programmes mature, more detailed analyses, e.g., of multiyear trends, will become available, as is the case for Portugal, Denmark, and the USA [56][57][58]. Schrijver et al (2018) reviewed the monitoring programmes in operation in Europe up until 2016 and found marked heterogeneity in sampling and laboratory methodology, as well as in the availability of results (i.e., language and frequency of publication) [59].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance In Escherichia Coli Of Porcine Orig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract

O’Neill,

Manzanilla,

Ekhlas

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli of animal origin presents a threat to human health. Although animals are not the primary source of human infections, humans may be exposed to AMR E. coli of animal origin and their AMR genes through the food chain, direct contact with animals, and via the environment. For this reason, AMR in E. coli from food producing animals is included in most national and international AMR monitoring programmes and is the subject of a large body of research. As pig farming is one of the largest livestock sectors and the one with the highest antimicrobial use, there is considerable interest in the epidemiology of AMR in E. coli of porcine origin. This literature review presents an overview and appraisal of current knowledge of AMR in commensal E. coli of the porcine gastrointestinal tract with a focus on its evolution during the pig lifecycle and the relationship with antimicrobial use. It also presents an overview of the epidemiology of resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and colistin in pig production. The review highlights the widespread nature of AMR in the porcine commensal E. coli population, especially to the most-used classes in pig farming and discusses the complex interplay between age and antimicrobial use during the pig lifecycle.

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Assessing antimicrobial resistance occurrence in the Portuguese food system: Poultry, pigs and derived food, 2014–2018

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Central China during 2016–2019

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Central China during 2016–2019

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Detected in Poultry Products in Mandya, India

Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract

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