Assessing Biosecurity Compliance in Poultry Farms: A Survey in a Densely Populated Poultry Area in North East Italy

Tilli, Giuditta; Laconi, Andrea; Galuppo, Francesco; Mughini‐Gras, Lapo; Piccirillo, Alessandra

doi:10.3390/ani12111409

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Biosecurity in poultry farms is the first line of defense for preventing the entry and spread of infectious pathogens, which may greatly impact poultry health, food safety, and economic stability ( 55 ). In our study, the emergence and spread of AIV in turkey farms might be attributed to inadequate biosecurity and hygienic measures in the farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Islam,

Dutta

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks pose a significant threat to the health of livestock, wildlife, and humans. Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are enzootic in poultry in many countries, including Bangladesh, necessitating improved farm biosecurity measures. However, the comprehension of biosecurity and hygiene practices, as well as the infection of AIV in turkey farms, are poorly understood in Bangladesh. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of AIV subtypes and their association with biosecurity and hygiene practices in turkey farms. We collected oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from individual turkeys from 197 farms across 9 districts in Bangladesh from March to August 2019. We tested the swab samples for the AIV matrix gene (M gene) followed by H5, H7, and H9 subtypes using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). We found 24.68% (95% CI:21.54–28.04) of turkey samples were AIV positive, followed by 5.95% (95% CI: 4.33–7.97) for H5, 6.81% (95% CI: 5.06–8.93) for H9 subtype and no A/H7 was found. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we determined 10 significant risk factors associated with AIV circulation in turkey farms. We found that the absence of sick turkeys, the presence of footbaths, the absence of nearby poultry farms, concrete flooring, and the avoidance of mixing newly purchased turkeys with existing stock can substantially reduce the risk of AIV circulation in turkey farms (odds ratio ranging from 0.02 to 0.08). Furthermore, the absence of nearby live bird markets, limiting wild bird access, no visitor access, improved floor cleaning frequency, and equipment disinfection practices also had a substantial impact on lowering the AIV risk in the farms (odds ratio ranging from 0.10 to 0.13). The results of our study underscore the importance of implementing feasible and cost-effective biosecurity measures aimed at reducing AIV transmission in turkey farms. Particularly in resource-constrained environments such as Bangladesh, such findings might assist governmental entities in enhancing biosecurity protocols within their poultry sector, hence mitigating and potentially averting the transmission of AIV and spillover to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Islam,

Dutta

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Another limitation to the study was the difficulty of assessing with precision, for each database and then for each region or country, the percentage of poultry farms included. On the one hand, the coverage for research-associated databases was low ( 23 , 24 ) for both practical reasons and because they did not necessarily require high coverage. In databases fed by auto-evaluation tools, the number of farms covered also can vary greatly depending on participants’ willingness to use the tools and whether the tools are user-friendly ( 25 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring biosecurity in poultry production: an overview of databases reporting biosecurity compliance from seven European countries

Delpont,

Salazar,

Dewulf

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Compliance with required on-farm biosecurity practices reduces the risk of contamination and spread of zoonotic and economically important diseases. With repeating avian influenza epidemics in the poultry industry, the need to monitor and improve the overall level of biosecurity is increasing. In practice, biosecurity compliance is assessed by various actors (e.g., academic, private and public institutions), and the results of such assessments may be recorded and gathered in databases which are seldom shared or thoroughly analyzed. This study aimed to provide an inventory of databases related to the assessment of biosecurity in poultry farms in seven major poultry-producing European countries to highlight challenges and opportunities associated with biosecurity data collection, sharing, and use. The institutions in charge of these databases were contacted and interviewed using a structured questionnaire to gather information on the main characteristics of the databases and the context of their implementation. A total of 20 databases were identified, covering the gamut of poultry species and production types. Most databases were linked to veterinary health authorities or academia, and to a lesser extent interbranch organizations. Depending on the institutions in charge, the databases serve various purposes, from providing advice to enforcing regulations. The quality of the biosecurity data collected is believed to be quite reliable, as biosecurity is mostly assessed by trained farm advisors or official veterinarians and during a farm visit. Some of the databases are difficult to analyze and/or do not offer information concerning which biosecurity measures are most or least respected. Moreover, some key biosecurity practices are sometimes absent from certain databases. Although the databases serve a variety of purposes and cover different production types, each with specific biosecurity features, their analysis should help to improve the surveillance of biosecurity in the poultry sector and provide evidence on the benefits of biosecurity.

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“…Additionally, implement stringent biosecurity measures to avoid disease introduction and spread in the poultry farm. This specifically entails limiting access to the poultry farm, outfitting employees in proper clothing and footwear, and putting in hygienic procedures including hand washing and disinfecting tools and transportation [ 26 ]. Facility cleaning and disinfection, appropriate ventilation, and the use of clean water are some effective means of maintaining litter conditions that reduce oocyst sporulation.…”

Section: Methods Used To Control Avian Coccidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and control of coccidiosis in poultry — A review

Ahmad,

Yu,

Hua

et al. 2024

Anim Biosci

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Poultry coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by an intracellular parasitic protozoan of the genus Eimeria. Coccidia-induced gastrointestinal inflammation results in large economic losses, hence finding methods to decrease its prevalence is critical for industry participants and academic researchers. It has been demonstrated that coccidiosis can be effectively controlled and managed by employing anticoccidial chemical compounds. However, as a result of their extensive use, anticoccidial drug resistance in Eimeria species has raised concerns. Phytochemical/herbal medicines (Artemisia annua, Bidens pilosa, and garlic) seem to be a promising strategy for preventing coccidiosis, in accordance with the “anticoccidial chemical-free” standards. The impact of herbal supplements on poultry coccidiosis is based on the reduction of oocyst output by preventing the proliferation and growth of Eimeria species in chicken gastrointestinal tissues and lowering intestinal permeability via increased epithelial turnover. This review provides a thorough up-to-date assessment of the state of the art and technologies in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, including the most used phytochemical medications, their mode of action, and the applicable legal framework in the European Union.

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Assessing Biosecurity Compliance in Poultry Farms: A Survey in a Densely Populated Poultry Area in North East Italy

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms

Monitoring biosecurity in poultry production: an overview of databases reporting biosecurity compliance from seven European countries

Management and control of coccidiosis in poultry — A review

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