Assessing color performance of whole‐slide imaging scanners for digital pathology

Cheng, Wei‐Chung; Saleheen, Firdous; Badano, Aldo

doi:10.1002/col.22365

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[ 85 86 ] Tungsten-filament bulbs have been progressively replaced by the use of white-light emitting diodes (LEDs), ensuring a consistent color balance at any light level in modern WSI devices. [ 87 ]…”

Section: Mage Q Uality and R Esolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Whole Slide Imaging Devices and Their Applications within the Modern Pathology Department: A Selected Hardware Review

Patel

Balis

Cheng

et al. 2021

Journal of Pathology Informatics

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Section: Mage Q Uality and R Esolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Whole Slide Imaging Devices and Their Applications within the Modern Pathology Department: A Selected Hardware Review

Patel

Balis

Cheng

et al. 2021

Journal of Pathology Informatics

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“…Values in sRGB color space were input via the Albedo property found in the material's shader script for each of the 24 color patches. In the second experiment, a single-slide tissue sample obtained from multispectral imaging [8] was imported into Unity as a 2D texture file. Four pixels of varying RGB values were selected from the ground truth image (Figure 3) and then compared with the render result through the same five configurations.…”

Section: Scene Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 3 Four pixels varying in RGB values are selected from the ground truth of a tissue sample slide obtained from multispectral imaging [8] as input RGB data…”

Section: Experiments 1: Colorchecker 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color Rendering in Medical Extended-Reality Applications

et al. 2020

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Cross-platform development of medical applications in extended-reality (XR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) often relies on game engines with rendering capabilities currently not standardized in the context of medical visualizations. Many aspects of the visualization pipeline including the characterization of color have yet to be consistently defined across rendering models and platforms. We examined the transfer of color properties from digital objects, through the rendering and image processing steps, to the RGB values sent to the display device. Five rendering pipeline configurations within the Unity engine were evaluated using 24 digital color patches. In the second experiment, the same configurations were evaluated with a tissue slide sample image. Measurements of the change in color associated with each configuration were characterized using the CIE 1976 color difference ( ΔE). We found that the distribution of Δ E for the first experiment ranges from zero, as in the case using an Unlit Shader, to 25.97, as in the case using default configurations. The default Unity configuration consistently returned the highest Δ E across all 24 colors and also the largest range of color differences. In the second experiment, Δ E ranged from 7.49 to 34.18. The Unlit configuration resulted in the highest Δ E in three of four selected pixels in the tissue sample image. Changes in color image properties associated with texture import settings were then evaluated in a third experiment using the TG18-QC test pattern. Differences in pixel values were found in all nine of the investigated texture import settings. The findings provide an initial characterization of color transfer and a basis for future work on standardization, consistency, and optimization of color in medical XR applications.

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“…Characterizing the color behavior of a WSI system requires color measurement of the scene, which is challenging because the cellular structures of tissue samples are too fine to be measured by ordinary spectroradiometers. To assess the color performance of WSI devices, a hyperspectral imaging microscopy system (HIMS) developed to measure the color truth of tissue samples at the pixel level was previously presented [5]. However, the measurement accuracy of the HIMS itself was not reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetrical uncertainty of a hyperspectral imaging microscopy system for assessing whole-slide imaging devices

Lemaillet

Cheng

2020

Biomed. Opt. Express

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A whole-slide imaging (WSI) device is a color medical imaging system whose application in digital pathology is to digitalize stained tissue samples into electronic images for pathologists to diagnose without using a conventional light microscope. Testing the color performance of a WSI device usually implies a color target with known truth that is compared with the device output to estimate color differences. Using stained tissue samples as color targets is challenging because the cellular features cannot be measured with ordinary spectroradiometers unless a hyperspectral imaging microscopy system (HIMS) is used. The goal of this study is to determine the colorimetrical uncertainty of such a reference HIMS that is designed to assess the color performance of WSI devices. A set of optical filters are used for that purpose. The color truth, in terms of spectral transmittance in the visible band, of the optical filters is measured by a reference spectroradiometer. The spectral transmittance is combined with a standard illuminant to generate colorimetrical measures using the CIEXYZ and CIELAB formulas. The differences between the reference HIMS and the reference spectroradiometer are evaluated using the CIE 1976 color difference formulas.

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Assessing color performance of whole‐slide imaging scanners for digital pathology

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Contemporary Whole Slide Imaging Devices and Their Applications within the Modern Pathology Department: A Selected Hardware Review

Contemporary Whole Slide Imaging Devices and Their Applications within the Modern Pathology Department: A Selected Hardware Review

Color Rendering in Medical Extended-Reality Applications

Colorimetrical uncertainty of a hyperspectral imaging microscopy system for assessing whole-slide imaging devices

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