Assessing concentration of antibiotics in tissue during oral treatments against piscirickettsiosis

Price, Derek; Sánchez, Javier; McClure, J. Trenton; McConkey, Sandra; Ibarra, R.; St‐Hilaire, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.04.014

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Government authorities and the salmon industry in Chile designed and implemented a specific surveillance and control program for piscirickettsiosis in 2012 [ 25 ]. A critical aspect for control is to promote early detection of infection for timely treatment [ 2 , 31 , 32 ]. Timely diagnosis and training in necropsies are fundamental aspects to reduce the incidence rate and severity of SRS and to optimize control of the disease [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis

Rozas‐Serri¹,

Peña²,

Gardner

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Piscirickettsiosis (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is the main infectious disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. Currently, the official surveillance and control plan for SRS in Chile is based only on the detection of P. salmonis, but neither of its genogroups (LF-89-like and EM-90-like) are included. Surveillance at the genogroup level is essential not only for defining and evaluating the vaccination strategy against SRS, but it is also of utmost importance for early diagnosis, clinical prognosis in the field, treatment, and control of the disease. The objectives of this study were to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of P. salmonis genogroups using genogroup-specific real-time probe-based polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to discriminate between LF-89-like and EM-90-like within and between seawater farms, individual fish, and tissues/organs during early infection in Atlantic salmon under field conditions. The spatio-temporal distribution of LF-89-like and EM-90-like was shown to be highly variable within and between seawater farms. P. salmonis infection was also proven to be caused by both genogroups at farm, fish, and tissue levels. Our study demonstrated for the first time a complex co-infection by P. salmonis LF-89-like and EM-90-like in Atlantic salmon. Liver nodules (moderate and severe) were strongly associated with EM-90-like infection, but this phenotype was not detected by infection with LF-89-like or co-infection of both genogroups. The detection rate of P. salmonis LF-89-like increased significantly between 2017 and 2021 and was the most prevalent genogroup in Chilean salmon aquaculture during this period. Lastly, a novel strategy to identify P. salmonis genogroups based on novel genogroup-specific qPCR for LF-89-like and EM-90-like genogroups is suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis

Rozas‐Serri¹,

Peña²,

Gardner

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…The commonality of the mobilome between aquatic and terrestrial bacteria and the presence of residual antimicrobials, biofilms and high concentrations of bacteriophages in an aquatic environment that is also contaminated with human and animal pathogens, can result in horizontal gene transfer between aquatic and terrestrial bacteria 8 . Antibiotic residues may persist in sediments, 41,58–61 water 62,63 or host tissues, 64–68 and are considered a risk to human health, requiring a withholding period after treatment 56,69 . Of particular concern is the prophylactic use of antibiotics, 52,55,58,70 often in the ornamental fish trade 71 .…”

Section: Scope Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture

Bondad‐Reantaso

MacKinnon

Karunasagar

et al. 2023

Reviews in Aquaculture

122

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With the rapid growth of the aquaculture production since the 1980s, there has been a concomitant increase in disease outbreaks. The injudicious and/or incorrect use of antimicrobial agents against diseases of farmed aquatic species poses a considerable threat to the development and growth of a successful and sustainable aquaculture industry. An increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important consequence, resulting to the difficulty in treating common bacterial diseases in populations of aquatic organisms, combined with the presence of antibiotic residues in food fish and their products, leading to import refusals and negative impacts on international trade. To reduce the frequency of AMR, good aquaculture and effective biosecurity practices should include the prudent and responsible use of antibiotics and also consider the use of alternatives to antibiotics, in addition to disease prevention management. This article reviews the literature discussing the scope of the problem pertaining to antibiotic use, the emergence of AMR in aquaculture and to consider and discuss viable alternatives (e.g., vaccination, bacteriophages, quorum quenching, probiotics and prebiotics, chicken egg yolk antibody and medicinal plant derivative). We also discuss lessons learnt, from specific case studies such as the vaccination of farmed salmon in Norway and the use of ‘specific pathogen‐free’ seed—as primary and essential part of a biosecurity strategy.

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“…Reduced antibiotic usage in aquatic systems will eventually decrease the risk of AMR in these sectors, which may directly affect AMR risk in human populations. Prevention of disease can be accomplished through a number of ways, which include reducing exposure to pathogens and/or improving host resistance to disease [10,11]. The latter can be achieved through vaccination [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-treatment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with ozone nanobubbles improve efficacy of heat-killed Streptococcus agalactiae immersion vaccine

Nguyen

Dien

Sangpo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Nanobubble technology has shown appealing technical benefits and potential applications in aquaculture. We recently found that treatment with ozone nanobubbles (NB-O3) activated expression of several immune-related genes leading to effective response to subsequent exposure to fish pathogens. In this study, we investigated whether pre-treatment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with NB-O3 can enhance specific immune responses and improve efficacy of immersion vaccination against Streptococcus agalactiae. Spleen and head kidney of fish in the vaccinated groups showed a substantial upregulation in expression levels of three immunoglobulin classes(IgM, IgD, and IgT) compared with the unvaccinated control groups. At day 21 post-immunization, the relative expression was greatest (approx. 3.2 to 4.1 folds). Both systemic and mucosal IgM antibodies were elicited in vaccinated groups. As the result, the cumulative survival rate of the vaccinated groups was found to be higher than that of the unvaccinated groups, with a relative percent survival (RPS) ranging from 52.9-70.5%. However, fish in the vaccinated groups that received pre-treatment with NB-O3, bacterial antigen uptakes, expression levels of IgM, IgD, and IgT, as well as the specific-IgM antibody levels and percent survival, were all slightly or significantly higher than that of the vaccinated group without pre-treatment with NB-O3. Taken together, our findings suggest that utilizing pre-treatment with NB-O3 may improve the immune response and efficacy of immersion vaccination in Nile tilapia.HighlightsImmune response and efficacy of a heat-killed Streptococcus agalactiae immersion vaccine for Nile tilapia with and without pre-treatment with NB-O3 were accessed.Bacterial antigen uptake in the NB-O3-VAC compared to the AT-VAC groups was increased 1.32 and 1.80-fold at 3 and 6 h post-vaccination, respectively.Vaccinated group that received pre-treatment with NB-O3 had slightly to significantly higher levels of IgM, IgD, and IgT mRNA expression; IgM levels; and survival rate.Pre-treatment with NB-O3 may be a novel strategy for improving efficacy of immersion vaccine in aquaculture

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Assessing concentration of antibiotics in tissue during oral treatments against piscirickettsiosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis

Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis

Review of alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture

Pre-treatment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with ozone nanobubbles improve efficacy of heat-killed Streptococcus agalactiae immersion vaccine

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