Assessing content and factors influencing responses to information requests in community pharmacies in Jordan: A simulated patients study

Abstract

Objectives To assess the management of requests for information about a prescription only medicine (simvastatin for treatment of dyslipidemia) by pharmacy staff in community settings and explore the factors influencing the information content. Methods A cross sectional study conducted using the stimulated patient (SP) method between November 2018 and May 2019. The SP conveyed the request at the beginning of the encounter in a standardized way based on predetermined plots and was instructed to ask the pharmacy staff directly if information was not discussed spontaneously. After the visit, the SP provided written feedback including information about the scenario and a copy of individualized feedback. The study was reported according to the checklist for reporting research using simulated patient methodology (CRiSP). Factors influencing information content with or without information demand were investigated. Results A total of 55 visits were analyzed. The average content score for the information discussed spontaneously was 16.2% with the standard deviation (SD) equal to15.6. The score improved significantly after information was demanded by the SP; the average total information content score became 34.4% (SD = 16) with p < 0.001. The score of information discussed spontaneously was higher for male pharmacy staff, older age, more experience, and a Pharm D degree. When the SP prompted or demanded for information, older pharmacy staff with more experience and with a college degree scored higher. Independent pharmacies, longer visit durations, and less distraction were associated significantly with higher information scores Pharmacy staff aged 35–39 and those with 6–10 years of experience were significant contributors to spontaneous discussion of information with p values = 0.003 and 0.013, respectively. After the SP demanded information, pharmacy staff with less than 5 years of experience and greater confidence as well as longer visits were positively predicting higher information scores with p values of 0.049, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively. Conclusions Information provided by community pharmacists responding to information requests about prescription only medications was found to be suboptimal. Patient requests for information were found to be a positive driver for better information content. Further research of mixed methodologies is required to clarify the factors and motivators enabling information exchange in community settings and to outline true training needs.

Critical appraisal of simulated patient methodology to assess the practice of community pharmacist in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review

“…The target populations in all the studies were CP 28 (62.2%), 19-Boura F, Al-Tabakha M, Hassan N, Darwich M. Critical appraisal of simulated patient methodology to assess the practice of community pharmacist in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review. Pharmacy Practice 2022 Jul-Sep;20(3):2701. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2022.3.2701 3 22,24,26,29,30,[32][33][34][35]38,39,41,42,46,47,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][58][59][60] pharmacy staff (pharmacists and non-pharmacists) 10 (22.2%), 18,23,31,36,37,43,44,48,57,60 and CP and GP 1 (2.2%). 27 Table 1 provides a summary of the descriptive characteristics of the included studies in the review.…”

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]28,29,[31][32][33]35,36,38,[41][42][43][44]46,[48][49][50][51][52]57,58,[60][61][62] Some studies got the information through direct questioning of the pharmacy representatives (manager or pharmacist in charge) 3 (6.7%), 23,25,28 or the participants whom the SP was interacting with 5(11.1%). 20,57,58,60,61 Others reported the information based on estimation 9 (20%), 19,26,31,36,38,42,49,61,61 or through surveying the participants 4 (8.9%). 22,30,…”

“…20,57,58,60,61 Others reported the information based on estimation 9 (20%), 19,26,31,36,38,42,49,61,61 or through surveying the participants 4 (8.9%). 22,30,35,46 In addition, some studies reported the counseling/dispensing duration 14 (31.1%), 26,28,31,35,36,[41][42][43]45,48,50,52,56,58 visit duration 7 (15.6%), 19,29,42,52,[60][61][62] and/or waiting duration 3 (6.7%). 22,36,52 The most outcome measured in the included studies was the adequacy of skill (pre-dispensing and/or post-dispensing) 38 (84.4%), 19,21,22,[24][25][26][27]…”

“…22,30,35,46 In addition, some studies reported the counseling/dispensing duration 14 (31.1%), 26,28,31,35,36,[41][42][43]45,48,50,52,56,58 visit duration 7 (15.6%), 19,29,42,52,[60][61][62] and/or waiting duration 3 (6.7%). 22,36,52 The most outcome measured in the included studies was the adequacy of skill (pre-dispensing and/or post-dispensing) 38 (84.4%), 19,21,22,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]38,[40][41][42][43][44]…”

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Patient Safety Culture: A Cross-Sectional Study among Community Pharmacies in Jordan

“…There is no practice framework for providing patient-centered pharmaceutical care, and the primary duty of community pharmacists is to supply products. Patients visiting independent or chain pharmacies receive patient counseling neither regularly nor systematically [ 19 ].…”