Assessing Depression Related Severity and Functional Impairment: The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS)

Abstract

BackgroundThe Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS) is a brief, five-item measure for assessing the frequency and intensity of depressive symptoms, as well as functional impairments in pleasurable activities, work or school, and interpersonal relationships due to depression. Although this scale is expected to be useful in various psychiatric and mental health settings, the reliability, validity, and interpretability have not yet been fully examined. This study was designed to examine the reliability, factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity of a Japanese version of the ODSIS, as well as its ability to distinguish between individuals with and without a major depressive disorder diagnosis.MethodsFrom a pool of registrants at an internet survey company, 2830 non-clinical and clinical participants were selected randomly (619 with major depressive disorder, 619 with panic disorder, 576 with social anxiety disorder, 645 with obsessive–compulsive disorder, and 371 non-clinical panelists). Participants were asked to respond to the ODSIS and conventional measures of depression, functional impairment, anxiety, neuroticism, satisfaction with life, and emotion regulation.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of three split subsamples indicated the unidimensional factor structure of ODSIS. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed invariance of factor loadings between non-clinical and clinical subsamples. The ODSIS also showed excellent internal consistency and test–retest intraclass correlation coefficients. Convergence and discriminance of the ODSIS with various measures were in line with our expectations. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the ODSIS was able to detect a major depressive syndrome accurately.ConclusionsThis study supports the reliability and validity of ODSIS in a non-western population, which can be interpreted as demonstrating cross-cultural validity.

Psychometric properties and validation of the Spanish versions of the overall anxiety and depression severity and impairment scales

“…Somewhat lower cut-off values have also been proposed, including the work of Campbell-Sills and colleagues (2009), Moore and colleagues (2015), and Norman and colleagues (2011), who recommended a cut-off point of 8 for the OASIS, with a percentage of correct classifications of 87%, 67%, and 78%, respectively. Regarding the ODSIS, our results are similar to those obtained by Bentley and colleagues (2014) and Ito et al (2015), who recommended a cut-off point of 8 (82% correct classifications) and 11 (82.3% of correct classifications), respectively. What these different cut-off scores indicate is that validation and replication studies, such as the present, are important to increase the reliability of findings across settings and countries.…”

“…The treatment had a duration of approximately three months and patients received a 2-hour session weekly. Both the patient and the therapist manuals have been previously translated into Spanish (Barlow et al, 2015) Instruments Semi-structured Interview Schedule for Anxiety Disorders Lifetime version (ADIS-IV-L; Brown et al, 1994); translated into Spanish by Botella and Ballester (1997). This semistructured interview evaluates anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as somatoform and substance use disorders according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; APA, 1994).…”

“…Similar to the OASIS, the ODSIS has been validated into English (Bentley et al, 2014) and Japanese (Ito et al, 2015). A single-factor solution has been proposed for the ODSIS and internal consistency findings have been excellent (Bentley et al, 2014;Ito et al, 2015).…”

“…Similar to the OASIS, the ODSIS has been validated into English (Bentley et al, 2014) and Japanese (Ito et al, 2015). A single-factor solution has been proposed for the ODSIS and internal consistency findings have been excellent (Bentley et al, 2014;Ito et al, 2015). The cutoff points for the ODSIS have ranged from between 7 and 11 with clinical and non-clinical samples altogether (Bentley et al, 2014;Ito et al, 2015).…”

“…Pearson correlations with several constructs closely related to anxiety and depressive symptoms (i.e., personality, affect, quality of life, and adjustment) were also conducted to investigate the convergent and discriminant validity of the OASIS and ODSIS. Specifically, the correlation between the aforementioned related constructs and the OASIS and the ODSIS are expected to be significant (i.e., a positive association with neuroticism, negative affect, and maladjustment, and a negative correlation with extraversion, positive affect, and quality of life or similar constructs), but smaller when compared to the correlation between the OASIS and the ODSIS with the BAI and the BDI-II (e.g., Campbell-Sills et al, 2009;Ito et al, 2015).…”