Assessing Double Acid-Etched Implants Submitted to Orthodontic Forces and Used as Prosthetic Anchorages in Partially Edentulous Patients

Abstract

Abstract:The use of implants as anchorage for orthodontic forces seems to be a good alternative in partially edentulous patients needing orthodontic treatment. This study is aimed at assessing the performance and behavior of microtextured surface endosseous implants obtained by means of a double acid etching against orthodontic forces, as well as their adequacy to be used first as anchorage and later as fixtures for the definitive prosthesis. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 double acid-etched surface parallel wall implants (Osseotite® Implants, Implant Innovations Inc., Palm Beach, Florida, USA) were inserted in 38 partially edentulous patients prior to orthodontic treatment This was carried out by following two-stage surgery protocols in the maxilla as well as in the mandible. After a healing period of six months for the maxilla and four months for the mandible, the implants were used as anchorage for sliding, compression and traction orthodontic forces between 100 to 200 g by means of Ni-TI springs. Bone level and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) were measured before and after the introduction of the orthodontics forces. Results: After removal of the orthodontics appliances, all the implants remained stabile and served as support for prosthetic replacement of missing teeth. The bone level showed no variation even when a positive difference 0.02 ± 0.38mm was noticed. The RFA scored a significant difference (p 0.03) between the initial Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values (66) and the final ones (68). Conclusions: These findings showed that Osseotite implants were able to support the orthodontic forces applied during this investigation, maintaining osseointegration without significant variation in bone level. Therefore, they can be used to support dental prosthesis once they have been used as orthodontic anchorage under the cited conditions.

Peri-implant evaluation of osseointegrated implants subjected to orthodontic forces: results after three years of functional loading

“…Results showed a 100% success rate for implants subjected to orthodontic forces of 200 cN; thus, indicating that, after orthodontic treatment, these implants can receive a fixed prosthesis replacing the missing teeth, in addition to improving patient's dental occlusion. Similarly, Cravero et al 7 reported a 100% success rate and satisfactory occlusion with 93 implants placed in the maxilla and mandible.…”

“…Furthermore, osseointegrated implants have proved to resist displacement forces of 100 to 200 cN on all planes, and to function as a unit of orthodontic anchorage. 7 , 30 After orthodontic treatment, implants also served as abutment for permanent fixed prostheses in edentulous areas, which could not have been properly carried out without implant anchorage.…”

“… 1 , 2 , 3 The implants were later used extensively to replace missing teeth in partially edentulous patients, allowing for preservation of the remaining dental structures. 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 Other indications have been proposed for osseointegrated implants, such as orthodontic or maxillofacial anchorage, 7 - 11 since decayed or missing teeth can impair orthodontic treatment due to absence of appropriate dental anchorage for orthodontic movement.…”

“…Since several studies have demonstrated that anchorage of orthodontic forces on implants seems to be a good alternative in partially edentulous patients who require orthodontic treatment, 7 , 14 - 18 the present study proposed to assess the long-term peri-implant behavior of implants subjected to orthodontic anchorage. Thus, the objective of this study was to clinically and radiographically assess implants used as orthodontic anchorage, as well as the success rate of such implants over a period of three years after the installation of prostheses over them.…”

The Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Surface Treatment on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of K3 NiTi Instruments

“…“Kroll's reagent,” the mixture of HF and nitric acid in water, has been widely used as chemical etching agent for alloys used for hip and knee prosthesis [ 27 ] and dental implant [ 28 , 29 ]. “Kroll's reagent” is listed as ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials) #187 etchant which was recommended to be used for microchemical etching of cast irons.…”